Posted on 05/19/2004 1:44:47 PM PDT by blam
Disaster may have killed ancients
By Paul Rincon
BBC News Online science staff
Homo heidelbergensis appears about 600,000 years ago
The remains of 28 early humans found buried at the bottom of a cave shaft in northern Spain may belong to a group that died suddenly in a "catastrophe". Experts conducted an analysis to determine whether it was likely the bodies accumulated in the shaft over years or were dumped at the same time.
They concluded the 350,000-year-old death chamber may have held the victims of a disease outbreak or a massacre.
The study details are published in the Journal of Anthropological Research.
"We still don't know how they died. But what does seem increasingly clear is that the death of these people could have been simultaneous," Jose Bermudez de Castro, co-director of the Atapuerca excavation, told BBC News Online.
If you look at the 7,500 civilians that were killed at Srebrenica in the former Yugoslavia, you get the same age profile
Dr Andrew Chamberlain, University of Sheffield
The remains were recovered from a 14m-long shaft called Sima de los Huesos (the pit of bones) in the caves of Atapuerca, near the town of Burgos.
Atapuerca contains one of the richest records of prehistoric human occupation in Europe.
The bodies in the pit belong to a hominid species called Homo heidelbergensis, which may have been the common ancestor of the Neanderthals and modern humans (Homo sapiens).
Death and disasters
However, exactly how the bodies came to be deposited at the bottom of the shaft has always perplexed and intrigued those researchers that have excavated the site.
Professor Bermudez de Castro and his colleagues considered whether the remains in the pit fitted an attrition profile, in which individuals die one by one over long periods; or a catastrophic one, in which the dead cover the age spectrum of a population.
A single, pinkish-red stone axe was found in the pit of bones
Natural disasters, violence, epidemics of diseases such as influenza or bubonic plague and occasionally famine can be responsible for catastrophic mortality profiles.
The team compared the mortality profile of the Atapuerca remains with 26 other Homo heidelbergensis hominid remains from across Europe.
The proportion of individuals between the ages of 11 and 20 was 64% compared with just 39% for the other European sample.
"This corresponds best with a group of people who all died at the same time - a catastrophic profile," said Professor Bermudez de Castro.
"The only problem with this model is that we are missing the infants. But it is certainly a more rational model than the attritional one."
Victims of conflict?
In the research article, the scientists suggest that carnivores could have removed the bones of infants.
Dr Andrew Chamberlain, a biological anthropologist at the University of Sheffield, UK, agreed with this broad assessment of the mortality profile.
"This profile is very similar to the kind of one you get in conflicts, with people who fight and die in battle; you get this peak of teenagers and young adults.
More than 7,000 Bosnian Muslims were killed at Srebrenica in 1995 "But in that young age group - there are more females than males. With combat mortality, the deaths are nearly all males.
"The other way you can get this age profile is deaths of non-combatants. If you look at the 7,500 civilians that were killed at Srebrenica in the former Yugoslavia, you get the same age profile.
"You could have one group of hominids attacking the other, with very large numbers killed. The problem is that we just don't know enough about the social behaviour of these early humans."
Professor Bermudez de Castro predicts that it will be difficult to progress further with efforts to understand how the Atapuerca hominids died.
"Skull 5 has a serious infection in his face. It's possible that he could have died from it, but the truth is we don't know," he explained.
"There are also signs of trauma in other individuals and it is possible that these traumas caused their deaths. But it is very difficult to give these people a death certificate."
Well technically you are not true, woman are good sex slaves (so kill ugly ones) and kidy is good on retail market also as property.
Homo Westvirginensis
How about a flood?
Amen. Some folks make up words when they don't know that a real word exists that covers the concept, or when they wish to appear more learned -- an example of the latter would by a Navy Lt. Cmdr. I knew who used the word "observate" instead of "observe."
How about no evidence of such in the cave.
After I posted, I thought that perhaps the infelicitous 'robusticity' was actually some sort of technical word expressing an index of bone thickness, or whatever.
Even so, it's an ugly word, like 'orientate'. (cringe!)
Upper left in this pic is a chimp, skull A. Homo heidelbergensis is skull I.
Your item I looks better than the chimp but not by much; the picture Blam posted looks worse than the chimp.
Also people who can't speak the King's own English. They say things like "conversate". Unfortunately, eventually the words will become acceptable in polite society and get space in Merriam-Webster.
I think both pictures are of the same find, the Broken-Hill Skull.
Your flood occurred 343,000 years later and in a different area.
Sarcasm?
LOLOL!
Note: Skull F is also an alien, but its blue substance has lost all its dangerous energy rays. It's safe to touch.
"One of us, the monster? But we're British!"
Charnel house and ossuary
Burial chamber and cemetery.
Crypt, vault, and tomb
Catacomb, niche, inhume.
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