Posted on 02/09/2004 4:54:44 PM PST by Phil V.
Press Releases
February 09, 2004
Mars Rover Pictures Raise 'Blueberry Muffin' Questions
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NASA's Spirit rover has begun making some of its own driving decisions while its twin, Opportunity, is presenting scientists with decisions to make about studying small spheres embedded in bedrock, like berries in a muffin.
Both rovers are on the move. Late Sunday, Spirit drove about 6.4 meters (21 feet), passing right over the rock called "Adirondack," where it had finished examining the rock's interior revealed by successfully grinding away the surface. The drive tested the rover's autonomous navigation ability for the first time on Mars.
"We've entered a new phase of the mission," said Dr. Mark Maimone, rover mobility software engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. When the rover is navigating itself, it gets a command telling it where to end up, and it evaluates the terrain with stereo imaging to choose the best way to get there. It must avoid any obstacles it identifies. This capability is expected to enable longer daily drives than depending on step-by-step navigation commands from Earth. Tonight, Spirit will be commanded to drive farther on a northeastward course toward a crater nicknamed "Bonneville."
Over the weekend, Spirit drilled the first artificial hole in a rock on Mars. Its rock abrasion tool ground the surface off Adirondack in a patch 45.5 millimeters (1.8 inches) in diameter and 2.65 millimeters (0.1 inch) deep. Examination of the freshly exposed interior with the rover’s microscopic imager and other instruments confirmed that the rock is volcanic basalt.
Opportunity drove about 4 meters (13 feet) today. It moved to a second point in a counterclockwise survey of a rock outcrop called "Opportunity Ledge" along the inner wall of the rover's landing-site crater. Pictures taken at the first point in that survey reveal gray spherules, or small spheres, within the layered rocks and also loose on the ground nearby.
NASA now knows the location of Opportunity's landing site crater, which is 22 meters (72 feet) in diameter. Radio signals gave a preliminary location less than an hour after landing, and additional information from communications with NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter soon narrowed the estimate, said JPL's Tim McElrath, deputy chief of the navigation team.
As Opportunity neared the ground, winds changed its course from eastbound to northbound, according to analysis of data recorded during the landing. "It's as if the crater were attracting us somehow," said JPL's Dr. Andrew Johnson, engineer for a system that estimated the spacecraft's horizontal motion during the landing. The spacecraft bounced 26 times and rolled about 200 meters (about 220 yards) before coming to rest inside the crater, whose outcrop represents a bonanza for geologists on the mission.
JPL geologist Dr. Tim Parker was able to correlate a few features on the horizon above the crater rim with features identified by Mars orbiters, and JPL imaging scientist Dr. Justin Maki identified the spacecraft's jettisoned backshell and parachute in another Opportunity image showing the outlying plains.
As a clincher, a new image from Mars Global Surveyor's camera shows the Opportunity lander as a bright feature in the crater. A dark feature near the lander may be the rover. "I won't know if it's really the rover until I take another picture after the rover moves," said Dr. Michael Malin of Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego. He is a member of the rovers' science team and principal investigator for the camera on Mars Global Surveyor.
Opportunity's crater is at 1.95 degrees south latitude and 354.47 degrees east longitude, the opposite side of the planet from Spirit's landing site at 14.57 degrees south latitude and 175.47 degrees east longitude.
The first outcrop rock Opportunity examined up close is finely-layered, buff-colored and in the process of being eroded by windblown sand. "Embedded in it like blueberries in a muffin are these little spherical grains," said Dr. Steve Squyres of Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., principal investigator for the rovers' scientific instruments. Microscopic images show the gray spheres in various stages of being released from the rock.
"This is wild looking stuff," Squyres said. "The rock is being eroded away and these spherical grains are dropping out." The spheres may have formed when molten rock was sprayed into the air by a volcano or a meteor impact. Or, they may be concretions, or accumulated material, formed by minerals coming out of solution as water diffused through rock, he said.
The main task for both rovers in coming weeks and months is to explore the areas around their landing sites for evidence in rocks and soils about whether those areas ever had environments that were watery and possibly suitable for sustaining life. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Mars Exploration Rover project for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. Images and additional information about the project are available from JPL at http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov and from Cornell University at http://athena.cornell.edu .
### Guy Webster (818) 354-5011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
Donald Savage (202) 358-1547 NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. NEWS RELEASE: 2004-054
I would be surprised if the round nodules were not a "splash" from that crater. The actual distribution of these round nodules should be a function of the wind.
By the way, that false color image is OUTSTANDING!
As someone that grew up in the little town of Stone Mountain Georgia, I love this rock's name!
Thank you! Yes, that's much better! It's like I'm looking thru a ViewMaster.
I suppose, if you wanted the pix to be "accessible to all", you could put them in the order L-R-L, and we could choose which two pictures to merge: L-R or R-L. But that might be going a bit too far. Especially if I'm the only one who has problems with anti-crossed viewing.
As opposed to, say, drilling a *real* hole...
(Yeah, yeah, I know... Just being silly. The phrasing struck me funny.)
However, the volcanoes on Mars are concentrated in the Olympus Mons area. For those that do not recognize them, the major volcanoes are the white circles on the left image.
The Opportunity landing site is almost 90 degrees around the planet from the volcanoes.
Correct me if I am in error, but I do not know of any volcanic activity close (withing 500 miles) of the Opportunity landing site.
You provided images in L-R-L order so that everyone can view them.
NASA, are you paying attention?
At least, current activity. I would still like to see the link the previous poster had to sulfer.
Look lower right.
"Houston, we have a pastry."
If a large volcano close to the Opportunity landing site is discovered, which has eroded away, then that would be a major scientific discovery.
But the majority of these spheres are probably the result of meteor impacts. YES?
I would expect the largest concentration to be 180 degrees from the Olympus Mons region and Syrtis Major may be evidence that such activity.
When I compare the most probable sources of the round nodules, I tend toward a meteorite crater only 1 km away. We are also looking at craters within craters at this landing site.
But as you pointed out, a major volcano 90 degrees around the planet could also a source.
left - right
right - left
Opportunity hit the Gold Mine! Each and every day, this rover simply astounds me.
Jennyp has found the solution for 3D viewing and it only needs 3 images.
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