The FReeper Foxhole Remembers the USS Galena & Cpl John F. Mackie(1862- 1869) - Sep. 1st, 2005

www.galenahistorymuseum.org ^ | Daryl Watson

[SAMWolf]

Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
.

FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.

.................................................................. .................... ...........................................

U.S. Military History, Current Events and Veterans Issues

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USS Galena:
Heroism on Board an Ironclad

Nearly everyone has heard of the Civil War ironclad warships. They changed forever the history of naval warfare, especially the Union USS Monitor. But who has heard of the Monitor’s sister ship the Galena, launched from the Maxson Fish & Co. shipyard at West Mystic, Connecticut on February 14, 1862? It was one of three new ironclads commissioned by the U.S. government in 1861 to meet the threat of the Confederate’s new CSS Virginia (formerly the USS Merrimac). Ironclad technology was still in its infancy and not everyone was convinced it would work. But things changed when the Confederates in 1861 stormed the Gosport Navy Yard across the river from Norfolk, Virginia. They snatched one of the U.S. Navy’s latest steam frigates, the USS Merrimac. In a bold and daring move their Secretary of Navy, Stephan Mallory, authorized the conversion of the ship into an ironclad. Suddenly the Confederates would have a ship that could sink anything in the Union Navy. Gideon Welles, the Union Secretary of Navy, immediately recognized the danger. He knew the Union had to get their own ironclads and there was no time to spare. He lobbied hard and on July 19, 1861 a bill was introduced for ironclad ship construction. Convinced of the need, President Lincoln signed the bill into law only two weeks later.

USS Galena (1862-1872)
Line engraving, published in "Harper's Weekly", 1862, depicting the ship as she appeared when first completed, with a two-masted schooner rig.

The bill set up an "Ironclad Board," made up of shipbuilding experts. Because no one could agree on the best design, board members approved three designs, all different. John Ericsson, designer of the Navy’s first steam-powered vessel in 1844, would oversee construction of the Monitor in New York. Merrick & Sons would build the New Ironsides in Philadelphia, and railroad magnate Cornelius Bushnell would supervise building of the Galena in Mystic, Connecticut.

Bushnell thought the 210 foot boat should be named the Retribution, but he was overruled. The military successes of a young new general in the West by the name of U.S. Grant led to the naming of the boat after his hometown, Galena, Illinois.


Wash drawing by R.G. Skerrett, 1898, depicting the ship as she appeared while serving on the James River, Virginia, circa mid-1862.

The Galena was plated with multiple layers of one-half inch thick iron, but of the three ironclads it was the most lightly armored. It retained, however, much of the maneuverability and quickness of a wooden hulled vessel. Action came almost immediately.

On May 8, 1862 the Galena headed up the James River of Virginia with two other gunboats in an effort to reach Richmond and compel its surrender. On board was a detachment of 12 Marines.

USS Galena and U.S. Marines Join Forces

The U.S. Marine Corps consisted of less than 2,000 officers and enlisted men in 1861. That number was further reduced when many chose to follow the Confederacy. Corporal John F. Mackie, a native of New York City, stayed with the Union. A few days before, he had reported for duty aboard the newly commissioned USS Galena. He was joined by 11 other loyal Marines.


Watercolor by Oscar Parkes, depicting the ship as she appeared in mid-1862, while serving on the James River, Virginia.

As the Union gunboats moved up the James the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia a few days before. The latter was going to be used to defend Richmond but her draft was too deep for the journey. To keep her from falling into Union hands, she was set ablaze, but only after her crew removed her guns. Both crew and guns were then sent up the river to Drewry’s Bluff.

Drewry’s Bluff was a strategic point overlooking the James River. It was a perfect place to stop the Union flotilla advancing up the river. The fate of Richmond depended on it.


Artwork published in "Deeds of Valor", Volume II, page 27, by the Perrien-Keydel Company, Detroit, 1907, depicting USS Galena in action against the Confederate batteries at Drewry's Bluff.

The commander of the Galena hoped to engage the Confederate battery while the rest of the flotilla slipped by. The heavily clad Monitor was unable to elevate her guns high enough to help. As a result, the Galena found herself in a crippling position as cannon fire soon rained down upon her deck.


Contemporary pencil sketch by F.H. Wilcke, depicting the Union warships Galena, Monitor, Aroostook, Port Royal and Naugatuck (listed as shown, left to right), under the command of Commander John Rodgers, bombarding the Confederate fort at Drewry's Bluff.

"We turned our attention to the Galena," reported Confederate Commander Ebenezer Farrand, "nearly every one of our shots telling upon her iron surface." The rebel barrage was too much for the lightly armored Galena. Punctured plates were ripped apart and splintered wood flew through the ship.

Adding insult to injury, Confederate Marines were in sniping positions along the shore. "Our sharpshooters did good service, picking off every man who showed himself," Farrand later wrote.

"Here’s a chance for the Marines!"


Contemporary pencil sketch, with colors of flags and smoke lightly worked in, depicting the Union ships Galena, Monitor, Aroostook, Port Royal and Naugatuck (listed as shown, left to right) bombarding the Confederate fort at Drewry's Bluff.

This view looks forward on the starboard side of the spar deck, and shows holes in Galena's smokestack (in left center) made by Confederate cannon fire. Among the other items seen are boat davits, canvas windsails, the elevated wooden conning platform and the lookout position on the foremast.

On board the Galena, Corporal Mackie and his Marines resolutely returned fire. Suddenly a huge round hit the deck of the Galena, wiping out an entire gun crew. Mackie, nearby, jumped up and shouted, "Come on, boys. Here’s a chance for the Marines." His stunned men rallied, clearing the decks of dead and wounded.

Amidst a hail of Confederate fire, Mackie and his Marines began loading and firing the remaining Parrott rifle. Though they feverishly kept firing, Mackie saw the ship turning into a complete wreck!"


Photograph taken on board by Matthew Brady, shortly after the 15 May 1862 action with Confederate batteries at Drewry's Bluff, Virginia.
The Galena was finally forced to break off the engagement, limping back downstream to join the retreating Union flotilla. In three hours of conflict she lost 12 men dead and 11 wounded. The ship had taken at least 28 direct hits from rebel artillery. Many of the smoldering projectiles were still lodged in the hull and deck.

Amazingly, the Galena was repaired, but in February of 1864 the iron plating was removed and she was re-commissioned as a wood-hulled ship. She served valiantly as part of Admiral David Farragut’s fleet off Mobile, Alabama. She continued to serve after the War, finally being decommissioned in 1869.


Photograph looking forward along the ship's port side, shortly after her 15 May 1862 action with Confederate batteries at Drewry's Bluff, on the James River, Virginia.
Among the items visible are the muzzles of two of Galena's IX-inch Dahlgren smoothbore guns; her unique horizontally-laid interlocking iron side armor; armored gunport shutters; boat davits; members of her crew; and at least one plugged hole from enemy shot (near the waterline in bottom left center).

Corporal John Mackie, meanwhile, became the first Marine ever to be awarded the newly created Congressional Medal of Honor. It was for his extraordinary gallantry aboard the USS Galena, where both men and machine refused to give up. Surely Grant and the citizens of Galena would have been proud.

[SAMWolf]

USS Galena (1862-1872)

USS Galena, a 950-ton ironclad gunboat, was built at Mystic, Connecticut. Commissioned in April 1862 as the second of the U.S. Navy's first three armored warships, she was immediately sent to Hampton Roads, Virginia, to join the Navy's pioneer ironclad Monitor in containing CSS Virginia. On 8 May, Galena attacked enemy shore batteries on the James River, part of an intended drive up the river to take Richmond, the Confederate capital city.

Line engraving, published in "Harper's Weekly", 1862, depicting the ship's midship's hull section, the arrangement of her horizontally-laid interlocking side armor, and one of her armored gun ports.

After the Virginia was destroyed, Galena and other Union warships steamed up the James on 15 May to bombard Fort Darling, located at Drewry's Bluff about eight miles below Richmond. In a sharp action, Confederate gunners badly damaged Galena, killing twelve of her crew and demonstrating the inadequacy of her relatively thin iron armor. Despite her injuries, the ship remained in the James River area through the next four months, shelling enemy shore positions on several occasions in support of General McClellan's army during the flow and ebb of its campaign on the Virginia Peninsula. After Galena left the James in September 1862, she was stationed in Hampton Roads until May 1863, when she went to Philadelphia for repairs and alterations.


Line engraving, published in "Harper's Weekly", 1862, depicting the ship's gun deck as it appeared when she was first completed.

Recommissioned in February 1864, Galena had been stripped of her iron plating, given a heavier gun battery and enlarged sail rig. Now a conventional unarmored steam warship, in May she joined the West Gulf Blockading Squadron's pending assault on Mobile Bay, Alabama. She was one of the ships that ran past the Bay's defending Fort Morgan on the morning of 5 August 1864. During that action, she assisted USS Oneida to safety after that ship was disabled by Confederate gunfire. Later in the month, Galena took part in the siege that led to Fort Morgan's surrender.


"U.S. Gun Boats on James River covering the Retreat."
Engraving after a drawing by C. Parsons, published by Virtue, Yorston & Company, New York, circa the later 19th Century. It depicts the ironclads Monitor and Galena bombarding Confederate forces as General McClellan's army withdraws following the Battle of Malvern Hill, 2 July 1862.
The other two ships visible are probably USS Aroostook (beyond Monitor's bow) and USS Jacob Bell (behind Monitor, at left).

Galena served in the East Gulf Blockading Squadron in September-November 1864. After four months of shipyard repairs, she served on Virginia's James and Nansemond Rivers through the end of the Civil War. She decommissioned in June 1865 and was thereafter inactive except for a brief time in the spring of 1869. USS Galena was broken up in 1872 at the Norfolk Navy Yard, where a new and somewhat larger Galena was built under the administrative fiction of repairing the original.

[SAMWolf]

A common reaction that many researchers have when first confronted with a reference to the Confederate States Marine Corps is, "There was a Confederate Marine Corps?" Genealogists familiar with researching Confederate soldiers and sailors rarely, if ever, investigate the Confederate Marine Corps.



One of the reasons for a lack of interest in this subject is simple math. One historian has estimated that the Confederate Marine Corps never exceeded more than six hundred marines at a given time and that no more than twelve hundred men served as Confederate marines during the Civil War. At six hundred men, the C.S. Marine Corps was equivalent in size to a Confederate infantry regiment.

Another reason for the lack of research is that few records of the Confederate Marine Corps survived. In 1880, Lloyd J. Beall, former colonel commandant of the Confederate Marine Corps, explained in a letter to a U.S. Marine Corps officer that the "books and papers" pertaining to the C.S. Marine Corps were burned. Beall claimed Confederate Secretary of the Navy Stephen R. Mallory ordered the destruction of the records, presumably to prevent capture by Federal forces. The small size of the corps, combined with this lack of documentary evidence, results in only occasional research by Civil War historians, present-day marines, or individuals researching ancestors who served as a Confederate marine.



The Provisional Confederate Congress established the C.S. Marine Corps under the act of March 16, 1861. The act, providing for the organization of the navy, authorized a corps of marines to consist of one major, one quartermaster sergeant, and six companies of one hundred men each. Later an amendatory act of May 20, 1861, increased the size of the corps and raised the rank of headquarters officers. During the war, marines served in small detachments on land and at sea. Many recruits and new officers trained at Camp Beall at Drewry's Bluff, Virginia. Confederate marine guard detachments served at naval stations at Richmond, Wilmington, Charleston, Savannah, Mobile, and Charlotte. Marine detachments were also assigned to many of the larger vessels of the C.S. Navy.

The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) maintains the fragmentary records relating to the C.S. Marine Corps such as Confederate muster rolls, shipping articles, clothing receipts, descriptive rolls, and payrolls. Headquarters records were destroyed around the time of the evacuation of Richmond on April 2, 1865, including corps records kept at Colonel Beall's house. Lt. Nathaniel E. Venable, assistant to the quartermaster, took records of that department to Danville, Virginia, where they too were destroyed.


Confederate Marine Button
Backmark: "H T & B * / Manchester" Definitely the rarest of the block lettered Confederate buttons.
Stand up shank intact, attractive patina very very small push.
Recovered: Drewry's Bluff, Virginia

The good news for those navigating this rarely traveled road is that a few historians have paved the way. In addition to several articles on this subject is Ralph W. Donnelly's book, The Confederate States Marine Corps: The Rebel Leathernecks (1989). The author begins by focusing on the first year of the war and provides background on the organization of the corps including various Confederate laws establishing and expanding the Confederate Marine Corps. The book continues by describing duty ashore in Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. One chapter provides information on marines serving on board Confederate ships. Donnelly also concentrates on life as a Confederate marine, providing a chapter each on enlisted men and officers. The appendix contains a list of Confederate marines taken prisoner at Fort Fisher on January 15, 1865.

To research officers, consult the Register of Officers of the Confederate States Navy, 1861 - 1865 (1931) and the more descriptive "Biographical Sketches of Marine Officers" in Donnelly's Rebel Leathernecks. For enlisted men, consult Donnelly's earlier work, Service Records of Confederate Enlisted Marines (1979). This book is arranged alphabetically by name of marine and provides a brief description of service. As an example, the following is information provided in Donnelly's book for enlisted marine John W. Barry:

Co. A. Private enlisted New Orleans, 5/8/61. On CRR [clothing receipt roll] Capt. Holmes comd., c. 5/10/61. Corporal as of 7/25/61. Presumably served at Pensacola until company transferred to Savannah c. 9/18/61. On Ga. & S.C. Stations [Savannah] 9/1/-12/3/61. On board CSS Savannah 1/23/62 and 3/25/62. Transferred with company to Drewry's Bluff c. July 1862. Assigned Marine Guard, Navy Yard opp. Rocketts [Richmond], by 10/8/63; on this duty through 4th Qr. 1864. Charged for canteen and strap lost at Wilmington 9/30/64. Took oath to US in Richmond, Va., 8/24/65. Age 36 in 1865; occupation: farmer; residence Alabama.


First Lieutenant Becket K. Howell, C.S. Marine Corps
Halftoned image, printed in "Two Years on the Alabama", by Lieutenant Arthur Sinclair (2nd edition, 1896).
He served as Marine officer of CSS Sumter and CSS Alabama in 1861-64.

Col. Lloyd J. Beall, a West Point graduate, was a paymaster in the U.S. Army stationed at St. Louis, MO when he tendered his resignation and headed south. Although born at Fort Adams, RI, he was a Marylander who married the daughter of a South Carolina senator, and his loyalties were with the South. On May 23, 1861, Confederate Secretary of the Navy, Stephen R. Mallory, appointed Beall a colonel in the Confederate States Marine Corps and served in that capacity throughout the war.



An administrator during the Civil War, Beall's military knowledge and experience remained an untapped resource. Beall worked hard to have the Confederate Marine Corps receive the personnel, supplies and other benefits accorded to other branches of the military. The training of officers and enlisted Marines took place at the Marines' barracks named Camp Beall in honor of the Commandant just a short distance to the south of Richmond at Drewry's Bluff overlooking the James River. By the end of the war, he had succeeded in helping improve the resources available to the Confederate Marine Corps and established separate marine training camps in Charleston, South Carolina; several permanent stations on the Mississippi River and Atlantic Coast. Thanks, in part, to Beall's efforts; the Confederate Marines gained a reputation for distinguished combat service, on the sea and land. After the Civil War, Beall lived in Richmond, Virginia, and kept most of the Confederate States Marine Corps records at his home. Much of this history, along with Beall's personal history, was destroyed in a fire. Beall died in Richmond, on November 10, 1887.

George Seton Johnston, a member of Company B of the Confederate States Marine Corps, is probably the only member of the CSMC to be buried in Arlington Cemetery. He enlisted at Richmond on September 1, 1864, as Private, and was assigned to the CSS Virginia II; surrendered at Greensboro, North Carolina in April, 1865.

He resided in Virginia after the war and received a Confederate pension from the state government until his death at Lyon Park on June 2, 1928.

Additional Sources:

www.homeofheroes.com
www.archives.gov
www.history.navy.mil
www.marines.mil
www.artfinders.com
www.relicman.com
humphreys1625.homestead.com

[SAMWolf]

Corporal JOHN F. MACKIE
Medal of Honor
1862
U.S.S. GALENA
Drewry's Bluff, James River


Corporal John Mackie
This view shows him in what appears to be a Grand Army of the Republic Uniform, circa 1900.

MEDAL OF HONOR

MACKIE, John F.
Corporal, U.S. Marine Corps
G.O. Navy Department, No. 17
July 10, 1862

CITATION:

On board the U.S.S. GALENA in the attack on Fort Darling at Drewry's Bluff, James River, on 15 May 1862. As enemy shellfire raked the deck of his ship, Corporal Mackie fearlessly maintained his musket fire against the rifle pits along the shore and, when ordered to fill vacancies at guns caused by men wounded and killed in action, manned the weapon with skill and courage.

[SAMWolf]

Showcasing America's finest, and those who betray them!

Please click on the banner above and check out this newly created (and still under construction) website created by FReeper Coop!

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Veterans for Constitution Restoration is a non-profit, non-partisan educational and grassroots activist organization. The primary area of concern to all VetsCoR members is that our national and local educational systems fall short in teaching students and all American citizens the history and underlying principles on which our Constitutional republic-based system of self-government was founded. VetsCoR members are also very concerned that the Federal government long ago over-stepped its limited authority as clearly specified in the United States Constitution, as well as the Founding Fathers' supporting letters, essays, and other public documents.

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Actively seeking volunteers to provide this valuable service to Veterans and their families.

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We here at Blue Stars For A Safe Return are working hard to honor all of our military, past and present, and their families. Inlcuding the veterans, and POW/MIA's. I feel that not enough is done to recognize the past efforts of the veterans, and remember those who have never been found.

I realized that our Veterans have no "official" seal, so we created one as part of that recognition. To see what it looks like and the Star that we have dedicated to you, the Veteran, please check out our site.

Veterans Wall of Honor

Blue Stars for a Safe Return

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UPDATED THROUGH APRIL 2004



The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul

Click on Hagar for
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[snippy_about_it]

"FALL IN" to the FReeper Foxhole!



Good Thursday Morning Everyone.

If you want to be added to our ping list, let us know.

[Professional Engineer]

good morning ladies. Flag-o-Gram.

Sec. of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, center, poses for a photo with, from left to right, Staff Sgt. Anita, Gilliam, Sgt. Leigh Newbold, holding phone, and Spc. Anjanee Goberdham, during his visit to Fort Irwin, Monday, Aug. 29, 2005. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

[alfa6]

Ironclad Bump for the Thursday Freeper Foxhole

Today is the blogger fund raising drive for the Katrina Victims. Y'all Know the Drill

Regards

alfa6 ;>}

[Iris7]

In the image with seven Confederate Marines and one drummer note the curved strips on the deck.

The curves are segments of circles made of wrought iron and about four inches wide. A heavy swiveling cannon of the day had "sideways" wheels on the rear end of the carriage allowing the gun to be turned from side to side, that is, traversed, about ninety degrees. The great weight of such a gun and carriage, perhaps five to eight tons, would instantly destroy a wooden deck when the gun was traversed and the rear of the carriage rolled along following an arc,a segment of a circle, on the deck. Thus the wrought iron strips.

[E.G.C.]

Good morning, Snippy and everyone at the Freeper Foxhole.

[Iris7]

I am sure most are familiar with Drewry's Bluff. Drewry's Bluff was the last redoubt of McClellan's forces during the Seven Days battle six weeks after the action described in this Foxhole.

The Union forces retreated to Drewry's Bluff under Lee's attack, (a retreat Lee found very skilled) and held the bluff under fierce attack. If they had not been successful in their defense the Union forces would have been driven into the James River.

The Union nearly gave up after the Seven Days as it was. Total destruction of the Army of the Potomac would likely have had a most powerful effect on Northern opinion.

Oh, yes, Lee understood what had to be done. The Confederate infantry were too tired and the Union troops too desperate.

It looks to me that the Confederate troops were committed to the assault piecemeal, as they arrived on foot at the front line. A critical mass for attack never occurred. Another "might have been" would to mass the Confederate infantry and made a 0300 night attack patterned after Anthony Wayne's capture of a whole British fort at Stony Point in 1779. Wayne was very brave, tough, and smart, but I see George Washington's touch all over that operation.

By the way, isn't Google amazing?

Stony Point

On the Hudson River, at King's Ferry was a strong British fort, Stony Point. This fort was an important facet of the British defense along the Hudson. The fort was about one hundred and fifty feet high, on a rocky bluff on the western side of the Hudson. Three sides were surrounded by water and the fourth by a swamp. There were a series of redoubts and a large number of cannon — placed to drive off attack. The fort was garrisoned under the command of Colonel Johnston with a force of five hundred men. For some time, Wayne had contemplated the capture of Stony Point, and eventually convinced Washington it could be done. The plan was kept unusually secret — a plan that had to be swiftly executed. The soldiers selected came from Connecticut, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia and North Carolina. Washington approved of Wayne's carefully investigated plan and wrote to him: "That is should be attempted by the Light Infantry only, which should march under cover of the night and with the utmost secrecy to the enemy's lines, securing every person they find to prevent discovery." On the night of July 15, Wayne and his men gathered at the foot of Stony Point. As they approached, the garrison was aroused and began to shower cannon and musketry fire into the ranks of the assailants. However, the carefully planned attack was continued as each man knew exactly what his duty was. Wayne received a severe scalp wound, stunning him, but he pushed on ahead. The plan was so carefully laid out that the American forces met at the center of the fort at practically the same time. The British flag was hauled down and the fort was surrendered by the British commander. The British prisoners numbered 543. Sixty-three British were killed, and the number of wounded is unknown. The Americans lost fifteen, while eighty-three were wounded. Wayne sent Washington a message when the fort had been captured: "The fort and garrison with Col. Johnston are ours. Our officers and men behaved like men who are determined to be free." The victory of the capture was a surprise to friend and foe alike. It was an outstanding victory of the Revolution and the most brilliant victory of "Mad Anthony's" career. On July 16, Washington congratulated Wayne, the officers and troops on their outstanding victory. Congress unanimously passed resolutions praising Wayne and his men and awarded Wayne with a gold medal commemorative of his gallant service.

[GailA]

Good morning Snippy, Sam and every one.

[The Mayor]

September 1, 2005

Got Thirst?

Read:
Psalm 73:23-28

There is none upon earth that I desire besides You. —Psalm 73:25

Bible In One Year: 2 Chronicles 4-6

Health experts tell us we should drink at least 64 ounces of water each day. It may reduce the risk of heart attack, give our skin a healthy glow, and help us lose weight. We should drink even more water during exercise or if we live in a hot or dry climate. Even if we're not thirsty, we ought to drink water anyway.

Our thirst for God is even more beneficial. When we're spiritually dry, we long to hear from Him through His Word, and we search for even a drop of knowledge about Him. When we're exercising our faith in a new way, we want to be close to Him and receive His strength. Our thirst for God may increase when we see the sinfulness of people around us or when we gain a new awareness of our own sin and need for Him.

Spiritual thirst is a metaphor used throughout Scripture. Asaph thirsted for answers in his questioning psalm. When he saw the wicked prospering, he cried out to God to understand why (Psalm 73:16). He found the Lord to be his strength and realized that he desired nothing but Him (vv.25-26).

If we're spiritually thirsty, we can follow Asaph's example and draw near to God (v.28). He will satisfy us, yet give us a deeper thirst for Himself. We'll learn to desire Him above all else. —Anne Cetas

O sinner, won't you come today to Calvary?
A fountain there is flowing deep and wide;
The Savior now invites you to the water free,
Where thirsting spirits can be satisfied. —Peterson
© Renewal 1978, Singspiration, Inc.

A thirst for God can be satisfied only by Christ, the Living Water.

FOR FURTHER STUDY
What Is A Personal Relationship With God?

[texianyankee]

Good Thursday morning to all! Today is the first day of September.

Thanks for this great thread. I had never heard of the Galena before.

[Soaring Feather]

Good morning everyone.

[Valin]

On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on September 01:
1653 Johann Pachelbel, composer (Canon)
1791 Lydia Sigourney US, religious author (How to Be Happy)
1798 Richard Delafield Bvt Major General (Union Army), died in 1873
1824 Isaac Hardin Duval Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), died in 1902
1829 James Conner Brig General (Confederate Army), died in 1883
1854 Engelbert Humperdinck Germany, opera composer (Parsifal)
1866 James "Gentleman Jim" Corbett heavyweight champion boxer (1892-97)
1875 Edgar Rice Burroughs novelist (Tarzan, Mars Saga)
1907 Walter Reuther labor leader/president of UAW & CIO
1922 Melvin R Laird (Rep-R-Mich), US Secretary of Defense (1969-73)
1922 Vittorio Gassman actor (War & Peace)
1922 Yvonne De Carlo (Peggy Yvonne Middleton) Vancouver BC, actress (10 Commandments, Munsters)
1923 Rocky Marciano heavyweight champion boxer (1952-56)
1925 Art[hur E] Pepper US, alto saxophonist
1933 Ann Richards (EX-FORMER Gov-Tx)
1933 Conway Twitty [Harold Jenkins], Miss, country singer (Hello Darlin')
1935 Seiji Ozawa Hoten Manchuria, conductor (Boston Symphony Orchestra)
1937 Al Geiberger golfer (US PGA lowest score on 18 holes, a 59)
1937 Ron O'Neal Utica NY, actor (Superfly)
1938 George Maharis Astoria NY, actor (Buz-Route 66, Most Deadly Game)
1938 Alan Dershowitz NYC, attorney (Claus Von Bulow, OJ Simpson)
1939 Lily Tomlin Detroit, comedienne/actress (9 to 5, Laugh-in, All of Me)
1944 Leonard Slatkin LA Calif, conductor (Concert Orch, Neth)
1946 Barry Gibb singer (BeeGees-Stayin' Alive)
1957 Gloria Estefan Cuba, singer (Miami Sound Machine-Conga, 1-2-3)

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Deaths which occurred on September 01:
1159 Adrian IV only English pope (1154-59), dies (birth date unknown)
1557 Jacques Cartier French explorer, dies (birth date unknown)
1648 Marin Mersenne French mathematician, dies at 59
1715 Louis XIV “the Sun King,” , king of France (1643-1715), dies at 76
1821 William Becknell leds a group of traders from Independence, Mo., toward Santa Fe on what would become the Santa Fe Trail
1838 William Clark 2nd lt of Lewis & Clark Expedition, dies at 68
1862 Oliver Tilden of the Bronx, killed in the Civil War in Virginia
1862 Isaac Ingalls Stevens US Union general-major, dies in battle at 44
1862 Philip "Phil" Kearny US Union general-major, dies in battle at 48
1914 Martha last known passenger pigeon, dies at Cincinnati Zoo
1963 Guy Burgess, British spy for the USSR
1969 Drew Pearson newscaster (Drew Pearson), dies at 71
1977 Ethel Waters actress (Beulah)/singer (Stormy Weather), dies at 76
1981 Albert Speer, German Nazi architect/minister of Armaments at 76
1983 Henry "Scoop" Jackson (Sen-D-Wash), dies at 71
1986 Murray Hamilton actor (Rich Man Poor Man), dies at 63
1989 A Bartlett Giamatti baseball commissioner, dies of heart attack at 51

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Take A Moment To Remember
GWOT Casualties

Iraq
01-Sep-2003 3 | US: 3 | UK: 0 | Other: 0
US Sergeant Charles Todd Caldwell Baghdad (south of) Hostile - hostile fire - IED attack
US Staff Sergeant Joseph Camara Baghdad (south of) Hostile - hostile fire - IED attack
US Staff Sergeant Cameron B. Sarno Kuwait City Non-hostile - vehicle accident

01-Sep-2004 1 | US: 1 | UK: 0 | Other: 0
US Specialist Joseph C. Thibodeaux III Hawijah (near, ~30 mi. W Kirkuk) - At Ta'mim Hostile - hostile fire - sniper



Afghanistan
A GOOD DAY


http://icasualties.org/oif/
Data research by Pat Kneisler
Designed and maintained by Michael White
//////////
Go here and I'll stop nagging.
http://soldiersangels.org/heroes/index.php

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On this day...
0069 Traditional date of the destruction of Jerusalem
0891 Norsemen defeated near Louvaine, France
1267 Ramban (Nachmanides) arrives in Jerusalem to establish Jewish community
1614 Vincent Fettmich expells Jews from Frankfurt-on-Main, Germany
1661 1st Yacht race, England's King Charles vs his brother James
1666 Great London Fire begins in Pudding Lane. 80% of London is destroyed
1689 Russia begins taxing men's beards
1739 35 Jews sentenced to life in prison in Lisbon Portugal
1752 Liberty Bell arrives in Phila
1772 Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa forms in California
1799 Bank of Manhattan Company opens in NYC (forerunner to Chase Manhattan)
1807 Aaron Burr acquitted of charges of plotting to set up an empire
1836 Reconstruction begins on Synagogue of Rabbi Judah Hasid in Jerusalem
1849 California Constitutional Convention held in Monterey
1858 1st transatlantic cable fails after less than 1 month
1859 1st pullman sleeping car in service
1859 RC Carrington & R Hodgson make 1st observation of solar flare
1862 Federal tax levied on tobacco, especially that grown in Confederate states
1862 Battle at Chantilly (Ox Hill), Virginia, 2100 casualties
1863 RR & ferry connection between SF & Oakland inaugurated
1863 6th Ohio Cavalry ambushed at Barbees Crossroads Virginia
1863 Federal troops reconquer Fort Smith Arkansas
1864 Atlanta Ga. evacuated (Uncle Billy's commin)
1864 2nd day of battle at Jonesboro Georgia, about 3,000 casualties
1864 Battle of Petersburg VA
1865 Joseph Lister performs 1st antiseptic surgery
1870 The Prussian army crushes the French at Sedan, the last battle of the Franco-Prussian War.
1874 Sydney General Post Office opens in Australia
1876 The Ottomans inflict a decisive defeat on the Serbs at Aleksinac
1878 1st female telephone operator starts work (Emma Nutt in Boston)(one ringy dingy)

1882 The first Labor Day is observed in New York City by the Carpenters and Joiners Union.

1890 1st baseball tripleheader-Boston vs Pittsburgh
1894 By an act of Congress, Labor Day is declared a national holiday.
1902 Tinker, Evers, & Chance appear together for 1st time
1905 Alberta & Saskatchewan become 8th & 9th Canadian provinces
1906 Alberta adopts Mountain Standard Time
1906 Papua placed under Australian administration
1911 M Fourny sets world aircraft distance record of 720 km
1914 St Petersburg, Russia changes name to Petrograd
1916 Keating-Owen Act (child labor banned from interstate commerce)
1916 Bulgaria declares war on Rumania as the First World War expands.In 1878, Bulgaria had no army. By 1913, it had one of the most formidable land forces in Europe.
1918 Baseball season ends due to WW I
1918 US troops land in Vladivostok, Siberia, stay until 1920
1922 NYC law requires all "pool" rooms to change name to "billards"
(Well, ya got trouble, my friend.
Right here, I say trouble right here in New York City
Why, sure, I'm a billiard player
Certainly mighty proud to say,
I'm always mighty proud to say it
I consider the hours I spend with a cue in my hand are golden
Help you cultivate horse sense and a cool head and a keen eye
Didja ever take an' try an' give an iron clad leave
to yourself from a three-rail billiard shot?
But just as I say it takes judgement, brains and maturity
to score in a balk-line game
I say that any boob can take and shove a ball in a pocket
And I call that sloth,
the first big step on the road to the depths of degreda-
I say, first- medicinal wine from a teaspoon,
then beer from a bottle
And the next thing you know your son is playin'
for money in a pinchback suit
and listenin' to some big out-o'-town jasper
Hear him tell about horserace gamblin'
Not a wholesome trottin' race, no,
but a race where they set down right on the horse
Like to see some stuck up jockey boy sittin' on Dan Patch?
Make your blood boil, well I should say
Now, folks, let me show you what I mean
You got one, two, three, four, five, six pockets in a table
Pockets that mark the difference between a gentleman and a bum
With a capital 'B' and that rhymes with 'P' and that stands for 'pool')
1923 Earthquake strikes Tokyo & Yokohama, kills 106,000
1923 US beats Australia in tennis, for their 4th straight Davis Cup
1928 Albania becomes a kingdom, with Zogu I as king
1932 NYC Mayor James J "Gentleman Jimmy" Walker resigns (graft charges)
1938 Mussolini cancels civil rights of Italian Jews

1939 Hitler orders extermination of mentally ill

1939 Physical Review publishes 1st paper to deal with "black holes"


1939 WW II starts, Germany invades Poland, takes Danzig


1941 Yellow star becomes obligatory for Jews in the Reich to wear
1945 Japan surrenders ending WW II (US date, 9/2 in Japan)
1945 Phillies Vince DiMaggio ties NL record with 4th grand slam of season
1946 Patty Berg wins the US Open
1948 Communist form North China People's Republic
1948 UN's World Health Organization forms
1949 1st network detective series-"Martin Kane, Private Eye"-premiers
1950 13 North Korean divisions open assault on UN lines
1950 West Berlin granted a constitution
1951 PM Ben-Gurion orders establishment of Israeli secret service Mossad
1951 US, Australia & New Zealand sign ANZUS treaty
1960 Robert Bolt's "Man For All Seasons," premieres in London
1961 1st conference of neutral countries held in Belgrade
1962 10,000 die in an earthquake in western Iran
1962 UN announces Earth population has hit 3 billion
1963 St Louis Cards pitcher Curt Simmons steals home plate
1969 Libyan revolution, Col Moammar Gadhafi deposes King Idris
1971 Qatar declares independence from Britain
1972 Bobby Fischer (US) defeats Boris Spassky (USSR) for world chess title
1973 George Foreman KOs Jose Roman in the 1st to retain heavyweight title

1975 "Gunsmoke" goes off the air

1975 NY Met Tom Seaver is 1st to strike out 200 in 8 consecutive seasons
1976 NASA launches space vehicle S-197
1976 NJ Meadowlands racetrack opens
1976 Wayne L Hays, (Rep-D-Oh), resigns (scandal with Elizabeth Ray)
1977 1st TRS-80 Model I computer sold
1978 Jacqueline Smith of Great Britain scores 10 straight dead center strikes on a 4" disk in World Parachute Championships in Yugoslavia
1979 LA Court orders Clayton Moore to stop wearing Lone Ranger mask
1979 Pioneer 11 makes 1st fly-by of Saturn, discovers new moon, rings
1981 Fiona Brothers sets women's propeller boat speed record (116.279 MPH)
1982 Max speedometer reading mandated at 85 MPH
1982 Palestinian Liberation Organization leaves Lebanon

1983 Korean Boeing 747 strays into Siberia & is shot down by a Soviet jet (flight 007)

1983 WGH-AM in Newport News VA changes call letters to WNSY
1985 US-French expedition locates wreckage of Titanic off Newfoundland
1989 Princess Anne & Mark Phillips announce their seperation
1994 Morocco establishes low-level diplomatic relations with Israel
1995 NYC reinstates the death penalty
1995 Rock & Roll Hall of Fame opens in Cleveland Ohio
1995 Moammar Khadafy announces the expulsion of all 30,000 Palestinians from Libya. More than 1,200 ended up in a border camp between Libya and Egypt.
1999 A.G. Janet Reno orders US marshals to FBI headquarters to seize an infrared videotape containing a recording of FBI communications made during the 1993 FBI assault of the Branch Davidian sect in Waco, Texas. FBI officials state that no tape of that stage of the operation exist.
2001 UN World Conference Against Racism, a variety of African leaders demanded apologies, an in some cases financial reparations, from Western countries that benefited from slavery and colonization of African countries for over 3 centuries. (Or.....what?)
2002 600 Russian specialists began work on a key phase of an $800 million project to build a nuclear reactor at Bushehr, Iran
2004 U.S. Army deserter Charles Jenkins says he will surrender to the US to face charges that have dogged him since he vanished from his unit in South Korea nearly 40 years
2004 In Beslan, Russia, more than a dozen terrorists wearing suicide-bomb belts seize a school in North Ossetia, a region bordering Chechnya, taking hostage some 300 people, half of them children. They threatening to blow up the building if police storm it and at least eight people were killed.

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Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Brunei : Revelation of the Koran
Lybia, Egypt : Revolution Day (1969)
Malaysia : National Day
Michigan : Mackinac Bridge Walk Day
Syria : United Republic's Unity Day
Tanzania : Heroes' Day
Namibia, South Africa : Settlers' Day (Monday)
US, Canada, Guam, Virgin Islands : Labor Day (1894) (Monday)
National Spanish Green Olive Week (Day 4)
National Oral Hygiene Week Begins
Be Kind to Editors and Writers Month
Bourbon Month

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Religious Observances
Ang : Commemoration of David Pendleton Oakerhater
Christian : Feast of Adjutor Day
Orthodox church : Beginning of year (9/14 NS)
Christian : Feast of St Drithelm of Northumbria
RC : Commemoration of St Giles, abbot
RC Verena, lady of 3rd century

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Religious History
1558 Dutch Anabaptist reformer Menno Simons, 62, confessed in a letter: 'There is nothing upon earth my heart loves more than it does the church.'
1646 The Cambridge Synod of Congregational Churches convened in Mass. It formulated the 'Cambridge Platform,' outlining the proper polity (religious government) to be followed by the New England Congregational churches.
1803 In Boston, the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK) was instituted. It was the first tract society established in North America.
1836 A wagon train of Presbyterian missionaries, led by pioneer missionary Dr. Marcus Whitman, reached the site of modern Walla Walla, WA. Whitman's wife Narcissa became the first white woman to cross the North American continent.
1985 The HQ of Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry moved to its present location in Bellmawr, NJ. Founded in 1938 by Victor Buksbazen, F.I.G.M. works through evangelism and Bible distribution.

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.

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This gives new meaning to "cat burglar"


BERLIN (Reuters) - German police called to a break-in at an apartment in the northern town of Itzstedt found the intruder still on the premises and hiding under a kitchen cabinet.
The "cat burglar" had somehow crawled into the ground-floor of the apartment, broken window blinds, torn down drapes and trashed furniture.
Police also found fish and fish remains from a broken aquarium scattered around the apartment, said Julika Reinhardt, spokesman for the police in the town north of Hamburg.

Two officers finally found the offender, a cat, hiding under a kitchen cabinet but the heavyweight male resisted arrest, biting one officer in the thumb before they both managed to overpower it.
Reinhardt said the cat, wearing a name tag, was returned to its owner who would have to pay for the damage.
"No one knows how the cat broke in," she said. "But the damage was considerable."

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Thought for the day :
"The reluctance to put away childish things may be a requirement of genius."
Rebecca Pepper Sinkler

[Professional Engineer]

Hi miss Feather

Bittygirl taught herself to whistle yesterday.

[Soaring Feather]

LOL!! All she had to do was pucker up and blow!! How sweet.

[stand watie]

GM, all ya'll!

free dixie,sw

[USMCBOMBGUY]

Good evening