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The FReeper Foxhole Revisits General John Buford at Gettysburg (7/1/1863)- July 1st, 2005
http://www.bufordsboys.com ^ | Eric J. Wittenberg

Posted on 07/01/2005 2:30:29 AM PDT by snippy_about_it



Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
.

FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.



...................................................................................... ...........................................

U.S. Military History, Current Events and Veterans Issues

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The FReeper Foxhole Revisits

John Buford's Defense In Depth
At Gettysburg


Prologue


The mists had settled over the sleeping town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, during the night of June 30, 1863. Few residents of the county seat in south-central Pennsylvania realized their town was about to become seared onto the national conscience. There was no reason why they should - the war had avoided them for more than two years. Historically, theorists have held that the Battle of Gettysburg was the result of happenstance, that two foes blundered together there. However, this theory ignores the strategic importance of the town. Ten roads converged in the town, and it was a rail terminus. Because of this extensive road network, the town took on significance as a concentration point for Robert E. Lee's far-flung army once he became aware that the Army of the Potomac was north of the Potomac River and closing in on him. If Lee had occupied Gettysburg before the arrival of the Union army, the complexion of the campaign might have changed. Certainly, the nature of the battle which was ultimately fought would have been different, and the outcome may very well have been different. What factor had caused the town to take on such importance?



The answer to this question has been the subject of reams of paper. However, there is a simple answer to this question. The decision to stand and fight at Gettysburg was made by Brig. Gen. John Buford. By choosing to conduct a defense in depth on the ridges to the north and west of the town, Buford enabled the Army of the Potomac to occupy the strategically critical high ground around Cemetery Hill. By doing so, Buford insured that the Union would hold the strongest possible defensive position by occupying the highest and most commanding ground in the area.

Defense In Depth


The concept that John Buford employed in the initial defense of Gettysburg is called a "defense in depth." The theory behind a defense in depth is for the defending force to select a position far from the point that it ultimately wants to defend, so that there is a place to fall back to. A delaying action is fought, with the idea of slowly making a fighting withdrawal. The defending force makes use of the terrain to delay the enemy's advance.


General John Buford


Buford recognized the good high ground to the south and east of the town square and elected to fight a defense in depth to hold it until the infantry could come up. Buford had been consulting with John Reynolds in Emmitsburg on the way to Gettysburg on June 30, and knew how close the infantry was. He would defend the town from the west and north. Gamble on the west side, and Devin on the north.

Buford set up his videttes* on an arc seven miles long. Gamble's farthest post was four miles from the town square, Devin's six. The idea of videttes is to serve as an early warning system. They make contact with the enemy, fire warning shots, delay as long as possible, and then fall back to the next chosen defensive position. Gamble covered an arc from the Fairfield Road to the Mummasburg Road. Devin covered the Carlisle, Harrisburg and York Roads. The next fall back position from the west was Herr's Ridge (which combines with Belmont School House Ridge), and then finally, the main line of battle was atop McPherson Ridge.


Col. Thomas Devin


The vidette line of Gamble's brigade was manned by about 275 men. The farthest post was atop Knoxlyn Ridge at the Whisler blacksmith shop. Vidette posts were typically manned by three or four men, and commanded by a non-com. This particular one was commanded by Sgt. Levi Shaffer of the 8th Illinois Cavalry. Lt. Marcellus Jones of the 8th Illinois commanded the regiment's vidette line. Early on the morning of July 1, Sgt. Shaffer spotted billowing clouds of dust arising along the Chambersburg Pike, indicating the movement of a large body of men. Shaffer called for Jones. Jones watched for a moment, borrowed Shaffer's Sharps carbine, rested it on a fence post, and squeezed off the first shot of the Battle of Gettysburg. Fired at a range of about 700 yards, it hit nothing. Instead, it sent up the alarm among Heth's advancing infantry. Soon, more shots rang out along the vidette line. It was about 6:00 a.m. Word was sent back to Buford to let him know that the Confederates had begun to advance. While he sent for Calef's artillery, the surprised Confederates stopped and began to deploy into line of battle, a process that took nearly two full hours. Just by firing a few shots that hit nothing, Buford bought two hours' time. In the meantime, Buford sent messengers to Reynolds to try to hurry the infantry to Gettysburg.


Col. William Gamble


In the meantime, the videttes fell back to Herr's Ridge. There, along with about 500 others of Gamble's brigade (total strength, about 750), they made a stand for the better part of an hour. Remember, too, that effective strength had to be reduced by 25% due to the fact that one in every four men was given the task of holding horses. So, the actual strength was about 450. They stood there for about 45 minutes. Meanwhile, Calef's three sections of artillery deployed along McPherson's Ridge. Two section (4 guns) deployed on the Chambersburg Pike and the other two about four hundred yards away, near the spot where Reynolds fell. The idea was to disperse the guns to create the illusion that Buford actually had more than 6 pieces of artillery at his disposal.

The Confederates, after driving Gamble off Herr's Ridge, then got caught in the valley created by Willoughby Run. They came under heavy fire there, and it took time for them to regroup and begin to advance up the western slope of McPherson's Ridge. By this time, it was nearly 9:15. Buford had already bought more than three hours' time by his stand. However, he grew worried, as there was still no sign of the advance of Reynolds' infantry. He went up to the cupola of the Seminary to search for the head of Reynolds' column, worried - he realized that it was just a matter of time before he had to pull back or he ran out of ammo. As McPherson's Ridge was the chosen spot for the defensive stand, Buford deployed all of Gamble's brigade there, as well as a regiment of Devin's positioned to the north of the railroad cut. There, they stood for about an hour before the Confederates began pressing them back, both by flanking the position and because Gamble's men were running out of ammunition.


Maj. Gen. Henry Heth


As things looked most desperate, Buford's signal officer, Lt. Aaron B. Jerome, spotted the advance of Reynolds' column, and reported it to Buford. Buford ascended the cupola again, saw it himself, and said, "Good, now we can hold the place." He sent a messenger to Reynolds, who spurred ahead to meet with Buford. Reynolds called out, "What goes, John?" Buford characteristically replied, "The Devil's to pay!" and pointed out the advancing Confederate infantry. Reynolds then asked whether Buford could hold, to which the cavalryman responded, "I reckon so." Buford then came down, and he and Reynolds conferred and rode out to the front to see the situation.

Reynolds then sent his staff officer, Capt. Stephen Minot Weld, to Meade with a situation report, wherein Reynolds said, "Tell the General that we will hold the heights to the south of the town, and that I will barricade the streets of the town if necessary." Weld rode off to report. In the meantime, Reynolds gave orders for his infantry, led by Doubleday's division, to come up at the double-quick, which they did, advancing across the fields on the oblique. As Gamble's men were running out of ammunition, the infantry came up, and Gamble's tired troopers opened ranks to make room for them to come into line. After being relieved, Gamble's troopers took up a position on the Union left. The men of the 3rd Indiana Cavalry refused to leave the line of battle, holding a position next to the Iron Brigade. Meanwhile, Joe Davis was pressing Devin back. Since Devin had only a regiment and a half atop the ridge, their position was more desperate. Reynolds responded by calling up John Robinson's division, which arrived just in the nick of time, just before Devin's guys ran out of ammunition.


Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds


This was a perfectly planned and perfectly executed defense in depth, executed with perfect dragoon tactics. If one reads the manual for this sort of thing, what Buford did was by the letter of the book.

(*Videttes (Vedettes) were mounted sentries or pickets, stationed at the outposts of an army or an encampment)

My thanks to Eric J. Wittenberg for graciously allowing the use of his material for this thread.


Thanks to FReeper Colorado Tanker for the giving me the idea for this Thread






FReeper Foxhole Armed Services Links




TOPICS: VetsCoR
KEYWORDS: cavalry; civilwar; freeperfoxhole; generalbuford; gettysburg; mcphersonsridge; samsdayoff; seminaryridge; veterans; warbetweenstates; warriorwednesday
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To: snippy_about_it; bentfeather; Samwise; Peanut Gallery; Wneighbor
Good morning ladies. It's Friday!


21 posted on 07/01/2005 6:03:05 AM PDT by Professional Engineer (Got Flag?)
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To: snippy_about_it

On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on July 01:
1381 Laurentius Justitianus, [Lorenzo Giustiniani], saint
1506 Louis II, king of Hungary/Bohemia (1516-26)
1646 G.W. Leibniz German mathematician/philosopher; postulated monads
1788 Jean-Victor Poncelet mathematician, founded projective geometry
1802 Gideon Welles, Secy Navy (Union), died in 1878
1804 George Sand France, novelist (Valentine, Le Figaro)
1807 Thomas Green Clemson mining engineer, endowed Clemson University
1861 Samuel D Riddle horse owner (Man 'o War)
1872 Louis Bleriot (aviator: 1st man to fly an airplane across the English Channel [1909])
1892 James M Cain Minneapolis Mn, novelist (Postman Always Rings Twice)
1899 Charles Laughton England, actor (Mutiny on the Bounty)
1907 Bill Stern Rochester NY, sportscaster (Saturday Night Fights)
1908 Estee Lauder CEO (Estee Lauder's cosmetics)
1912 David Brower environmentalist/president Sierra Club
1914 Cristyl Cranz Germany, slalom (Olympic-gold-1936)
1915 Willie Dixon (blues musician:(Big Three)/songwriter(Little Red Rooster, Spoonful, Backdoor Man/producer(Chess Records) of the 1950s Chicago sound)
1916 Olivia de Havilland Tokyo Japan, actress (Adventures of Robin Hood)
1925 Farley Granger actor (Arnold, Rope)
1930 Imelda Marcos former 1st lady (Philipines)/shoe collector
1931 Leslie Caron Boulogne-Biliancourt France, actr (Lili, Father Goose)
1932 Bobby Day [Robert Byrd), Fort Worth Tx, rock vocalist (Rockin' Robin)
1934 Jamie Farr Toledo Oh, actor (Klinger-M*A*S*H, Cannonball Run)
1934 Sydney Pollack director (Tootsie, Presumed Innocent)
1938 (2980 Shire reckoning) in a hole in the ground (not a nasty dark hole full of worms...etc, but a nice dry hole Samwise was born. It's reported the the first words spoken by Samwise were "John Kerry is an idiot, I'm hungry, Maureen Dowd is fat....and dresses funny, what's for lunch, FOOD."
"Aging seems to be the only available way to live a long time." Happy Birthday
1941 Sally Quinn Georgia, CBS newscaster (Morning Show)
1941 Twyla Tharp Indiana, choreographer (Twyla Tharp Dance Troupe)
1942 Genevieve Bujold Montreal, actress (King of Hearts, Choose Me)
1942 Karen Black Park Ridge Ill, (5 Easy Pieces, Trilogy of Horror, Pyx)
1945 Deborah Harry rocker (Blondie-Heart of Glass)
1946 Ron Silver NYC, actor (Entity, Silkwood, Best Friends)
1952 Dan Aykroyd Ottawa Canada, comedian/actor (SNL, Blues Brothers, Dragnet, Driving Miss Daisy)
1961 Carl Lewis US, olympic track & field star (Gold-1984, 1988)
1961 Lady Diane Spencer (Princess Di)narcissistic self-centered lightweight consort of England
1977 Misty Marriah Esplin, Preston Idaho, Miss America-Idaho (1997)



Deaths which occurred on July 01:
1378 Jan I V van Arkel, bishop of Utrecht/Luik, dies
1523 Hendrik Voes, Flemish priest/church reformer, burned at stake
1523 John of Esschen, Flemish priest/church reformer, burned at stake
1776 Francis Salvador, 1st Jew to die in American Revolutionary War
1863 John Fulton Reynolds, Union general-major, dies in battle at 42
1896 Harriet Beecher Stowe, US author (Uncle Tom's Cabin), dies at 85
1943 Auguste Reitsma, Dutch resistance fighter (census director), executed
1943 C Bakker, Dutch resistance fighter (census bureau), executed
1943 C L Barentsen, Dutch resistance fighter (census bureau), executed
1943 Coos Hartogh, Dutch resistance fighter (census bureau), executed
1943 Cor Roos, Dutch resistance fighter (census bureau), executed
1943 Henri Halberstadt, Dutch resistance fighter (census dir), executed
1943 Johan Brouwer, hispanist/writer/Dutch resistance fighter, executed
1943 Koen Limperg, Dutch resistance fighter (census bureau), executed
1943 Sam Bloemgarten, Dutch resistance fighter (census bureau), executed
1943 Willem Arondeus, Dutch resistance fighter (census bureau), executed
1943 Willem Brouwer, Dutch resistance fighter (census bureau), executed
1958 Dr Harry Nicholls Holmes crystallized vitamin A, dies at 78
1983 R Buckminster Fuller inventor/philosopher, dies in LA at 87
1991 Michael Landon actor (Bonanza), dies at 54 from cancer
1995 Wolfman Jack, disc jockey (Midnight Special), dies at 57
1997 Robert Mitchum, actor (Winds of War), dies at 79
1999 African "nationalist" Joshua Nkomo died in Harare, Zimbabwe, at age 82.
2000 Walter Matthau, actor, died age 79. (Fail-Safe (1964) Prof. Groeteschele, The Odd Couple (1968) Oscar Madison, Charley Varrick (1973) Charley Varrick, Grumpy Old Men (1993) Max Goldman
2003 Herbie Mann (73), jazz flutist, died (Battle Hymn Of The Republic, Nancy With A The Laughing Face, Comin Home)


GWOT Casualties

Iraq
01-Jul-2003 1 | US: 1 | UK: 0 | Other: 0
US 1st Sergeant Christopher D. Coffin Southern part Hostile - vehicle accident

01-Jul-2004 3 | US: 3 | UK: 0 | Other: 0
US Sergeant Christopher A. Wagener Mosul (south of) Hostile - hostile fire - IED attack
US Sergeant Kenneth Conde Jr. Fallujah (near) [Al Anbar Prov.] Hostile - hostile fire
US Lance Corporal Timothy R. Creager Al Anbar Province Hostile - hostile fire



Afghanistan
A Good Day

http://icasualties.org/oif/
Data research by Pat Kneisler
Designed and maintained by Michael White
//////////
Go here and I'll stop nagging.
http://www.taps.org/
(subtle hint SEND MONEY)


On this day...
0070 Titus sets up batterig rams to assault the walls of Jerusalem
0096 Vespasian, hailed as a Roman Emperor by the Egyptian legions
0649 Pope Martinus I elected to succeed Theodore I
1097 1st Crusaders defeat Sultan Kilidj Arslan of Nicea
1200 China, sunglasses are invented
1517 1st burning of Protestants at stake in Netherlands
1535 Sir Thomas More went on trial in England charged with treason
1569 Latvia Parliament accept Union of Lublin, incorporate into Poland
1656 1st Quakers (Mary Fisher/Ann Austin) arrives in Boston (arrested)
1690 King William III (Protestant) defeats King James II (Roman Catholic) at Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (Now celebrated on July 12 as "The Battle of the Orange" )
1776 1st vote on the Declaration of Independence

1798 Napoleon's fleet reaches Alexandria Egypt

1795 John Rutledge becomes 2nd chief justice of Supreme Court
1816 Fr frigate Medusa wrecked; basis of Géricault's "Raft of the Medusa"
1823 United Provinces of Central America gain independence from Mexico
1847 Founding fathers Benjamin Franklin & George Washington were pictured on the first U.S. government-sponsored postage stamps. Franklin five-cent stamp and a Washington 10-cent stamp.
1850 At least 626 ships lie at anchor around SF Bay
1859 1st intercollegiate baseball game, Amherst beats Williams 66-32
1861 War Dept decrees the KA and TN are to be canvassed for volunteers
1862 Czar Alexander II grants Jews the right to publish books
1862 Battle at Booneville Mississippi: Confed superior power driven out
1862 Day 7 of the 7 Days battle-Battle of Malvern Hill
1862 Congress outlaws polygamy (1st time); bad news for Utah
1862 Lincoln appoints Isaac Newton sec of agriculture-no kidding!
1862 Internal Revenue Law imposes 1st federal taxes on inheritance, tobacco & on incomes over $600 (progressive rate)

1863 Battle of Gettysburg begines first shotat 7:30 a.m. In the first day's fighting at Gettysburg, Federal forces retreated through the town and dug in at Cemetery Ridge and Cemetery Hill. Gen. Robert E. Lee's ordered Lt. Gen. Richard Ewell, "Take the hill if practicable, but do not bring on a general engagement.

1869 US mint at Carson City, Nevada opens
1870 James W Smith of SC is 1st black to enter West Point
1873 Prince Edward Island becomes 7th Canadian province
1874 1st US kidnapping for ransom, 4-year-old Charles Ross, $20,000
1875 Universal Postal Union established
1881 1st international telephone conversation, Calais, ME-St Stephen, NB
1889 Frederick Douglass named Minister to Haiti
1893 SF Bay City Club opens 1st US bicycle race track, made of wood
1898 Teddy Roosevelt & his Rough Riders charge up San Juan Hill

1899 Gideon Society established to place bibles in hotels

1899 SF City Hall turned over to city, after 29 years of building
1910 Chicago's Comiskey Park opens
1910 Union of South Africa becomes a dominion
1915 Australia begins Commonwealth Lighthouse Service
1916 Eisenhower marries Mary `Mamie' Geneva Doud in Denver Colo

1916 Battle on the Somme begins : At 7:30AM 11 British divisions (100,000 men) attack German lines. By 9AM 22,000 were dead & another 40,000 were wounded. continued for another five months, costing the British over one million killed & wounded. (Allied forces gained some land but it reached only 12km at its deepest points.)

1916 British court martial (Easter uprising)
1916 Coca-Cola brings current coke formula to the market
1917 Race riots in East St Louis Illinois (40 to 200 reported killed)
1917 Reds Fred Toney pitches completes doubleheader victories over Pirates
1924 Through regular transcontinental airmail service established, NYC-SF
1929 US cartoonist Elzie Segar created "Popeye." "I stands all I can stands cause I can't stands no more".
1931 Ice vending machines introduced in LA 25 lbs, 15 cents
1932 NY Gov FDR nominated for president at the Dem Convention in Chicago
1933 G Neujmin discovers asteroid #1590 Tsiolkovskaja.
1934 1st x-ray photo of entire body, Rochester, NY
1937 Rev Martin Niemller arrested in Germany
(First they came for the communists, and I did not speak out; because I was not a communist;
Then they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out;
because I was not a socialist;
Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak out; because I was not a trade unionist;
Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out; because I was not a Jew;
Then they came for me; and there was no one left to speak out for me.)
1941 1st coml TV licenses granted-W2XBS-WNBT (NBC) & WCBW (CBS), NYC
1941 Bulova Watch Co. pays $9 for 1st ever network TV commercial
1943 1st withholding tax from paychecks
1944 Bretton Woods Conference starts, establishing IMF & World Bank
1944 Earl Claus von Stauffenberg promoted to colonel
1944 Over 2500 were killed in London and SE England by German flying bombs.
1946 US drops atom bomb on Bikini atoll (4th atomic explosion)
1949 Bao Dai's Republic of Vietnam gains independence from France (but not for long)
1950 1st 407 US soldiers flown to South Korea
1956 Elvis Presley wearing a tuxedo appears on The Steve Allen Show
1957 International Geophysical Year begins (until Dec 31, 1958)
1959 World Refugee Year begins
1960 Ghana becomes a republic
1960 Fidel Castro nationalizes Esso, Shell and Texaco in Cuba
1960 Italian Somalia gains independence, unites with Somali Republic
1961 Haleakala National Park established in Hawaii
1962 Burundi & Rwanda gain independence from Belgium (National Days)
1963 US postal service institutes the (Zone Improvement Plan) zip code
1966 Medicare goes into effect
1967 BBC starts their World Radio Club
1967 Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band," goes #1 for 15 weeks
1968 US, Britain, USSR & 58 nations sign Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
1969 Charles Philip Arthur George (call me Chuck) invested as Prince of Wales
1971 Golden Gate Bridge paid for (so why is there still a toll?)
1972 "Hair" closes at Biltmore Theater NYC after 1750 performances
1972 Ms. magazine begins publishing
1973 1st US-China basketball game, US collegiates beats Shanghai 96-61
1973 "Jesus Christ Superstar" closes at Mark Hellinger NYC after 711 perfs
1976 Kenneth Gibson, is 1st black president of US Conference of Mayors
1978 Former Pres Nixon makes 1st public speech since resigning in 1974 (would that another EX, fired, dismissed, you're outta here, take a hike jack-President would of waited that long)
1978 Northern Territory of Australia becomes self-governing
1979 Stampede Pass, Washington is covered with 6" of snow
1979 Susan B. Anthony dollar was issued. (A great idea who's time had come...and gone)
1980 Steve Overt runs world record 3:48.8 mile in Oslo
1981 Radio Shack 3rd release of Model III TRSDOS 1.3
1982 2,100 Unification church couples wed in NYC
1987 Bork nominated to Supreme Court, rejected in Oct by senate
1989 Hugh Hefner (Playboy editor) weds playmate Kimberly Conrad
1989 NFL owners vote unanimously to form the WLAF
1990 German Democratic Republic accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency
1990 In Victoria, Australia, helmetless bike riding becomes illegal
1996 12 members of an Arizona anti-government group, the Viper Militia, are charged with plotting to blow up government buildings.
1997 China regains sovereignty of Hong Kong
1997 Russian grave site of 9,000 victims in the Karelia Forest at Medvezhyegorsk opened. In Oct-Nov, 1937, a 3-man panel under Stalin, the "Osobaya Troika," signed death sentences that were sent to thousands of gulags across Russia and led to the massacre.
1997 UK a new handgun law takes effect as a result of the 1996 massacre at the school in Dunblane, Scotland (Gosh I guess they're safe now. Yes sir no criminal get get a handgun in Britian)
2001 In Michigan a state law went into effect that allowed virtually any gun owner to carry a concealed weapon in public. OOOHHH SCARY!!!
2002 In the Hague the world's first permanent war crimes tribunal officially came into existence. Vehemently opposed by the United States (that's right VEHEMENTLY! That's because the United States is the chief cause of war crimes and has been since it's founding)
"We have gone forth from our shores repeatedly over the last hundred years and we've done this as recently as the last year in Afghanistan and put wonderful young men and women at risk, many of whom have lost their lives, and we have asked for nothing except enough ground to bury them in."
Colin Powell
/rant (sorry)
2002 Jordan arrests 11 people, including a Palestinian-Jordanian who fled the American bombing on Osama bin Laden's stronghold in Afghanistan, in connection with a plot to attack American targets
2004 Saddam Hussein and gang of thugs have criminal charges read to them.
2004 Saudi security forces traded gunfire with terrorists in a Riyadh, killing one terrorist and wounding one. A police officer was killed and two were hurt.



Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Bangladesh, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Iraq, Taiwan : Bank Holiday
British Virgin Islands : Territory Day
Burundi, Rwanda : Independence Day (1962)
Canada : Dominion Day/Canada Day (except Sunday) (1867)
Ghana : Republic Day (1960)
Hong Kong : « Year Day
Ireland : Pilgrimage to Shrine of Blessed Oliver Plunkett
Somalia : Union Day/Foundation Day (1960)
Surinam : Freedom Day/Labour Day
Turkey : Navy & Merchant Marine Day
Iowa : Independence Sunday (Sunday)
Caribbean Common Market : Caribbean Day (1973)(Monday)
Lesotho : Family Day (Monday)
Zambia : Heroes Day (Monday)
Zambia : Unity Day (Tuesday)
Ireland : Pilgrimage to Shrine of Blessed Oliver Plunkett
US : Honor America Days
Carpenter Ant Awareness Week (Day 5)
Creative Ice Cream Flavors Day
Build A Scarecrow Day
Jokes Day
National Picnic Month


Religious Observances
Luth : Commem of Catherine Winkworth, John Neale, hymnwriters
Old Catholic : Feast of the Precious Blood of Jesus
RC : Comm of St Oliver Plunkett, Irish martyr/theologian/primate


Religious History
1643 The Westminster Assembly first convened in England, from which would emerge theWestminster longer and shorter catechisms.
1800 The earliest recorded Methodist camp meeting in America was held in Logan CountyKentucky, near the Gaspar River Church.
1899 In Wisconsin, the Gideons were founded by three traveling businessmen. They placedtheir first Bibles in 1908 at the Superior Hotel in Iron Mountain, Montana.
1942 Birth of Andrae Crouch, African-American sacred music artist. His most enduringgospel songs have been 'Soon and Very Soon,' 'My Tribute' and 'Through It All.'
1985 The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that public school teachers may not enter parochialschool classrooms, to provide remedial or enrichment instruction.

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.


For $10,000, Woman Tattoos Ad On Forehead

SALT LAKE CITY -- For $10,000, Kari Smith has gone ahead and had her forehead tattooed with the Web address of a gambling site

Smith, 30, who sold her unusual advertising space on eBay, said the money will give her 11-year-old son a private education, which she believes he needs after falling behind in school.

"For the all the sacrifices everyone makes, this is a very small one," she said. "It's a small sacrifice to build a better future for my son," she said.

"To everyone else, it seems like a stupid thing to do. To me, $10,000 is like $1 million. I only live once, and I'm doing it for my son," she said.

Tattoo artist Don Brouse said he and his staff spent nearly seven hours Wednesday trying to talk Smith out of putting "GoldenPalace.com" above her face. When he did go through with it, he kept the inch-tall letters close to her hairline, where bangs or a hat could provide some cover.

Smith's eBay auction attracted more than 27,000 hits and 1,000 watchers. Bidding reached $999.99 before Goldenpalace.com, an Internet gambling company in the Mohawk Territory of Kahnawake, Canada, met Smith's $10,000 asking price.



Thought for the day :
"Though here at journey's end I lie
in darkness buried deep,
beyond all towers strong and high,
beyond all mountains steep,
above all shadows rides the Sun
and Stars for ever dwell:
I will not say the Day is done,
nor bid the Stars farewell."


22 posted on 07/01/2005 6:49:11 AM PDT by Valin (The right to do something does not mean that doing it is right.)
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To: Professional Engineer; SAMWolf; snippy_about_it; Peanut Gallery; Wneighbor; Samwise; PhilDragoo; ...
Good morning everyone.

23 posted on 07/01/2005 7:17:37 AM PDT by Soaring Feather
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To: snippy_about_it

24 posted on 07/01/2005 7:28:10 AM PDT by Samwise (I was not born in 1938. My mother was only seven years old then.)
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To: Valin

I'm reconsidering this 1938 thing. I could draw Social Secruity. Do you think the government will accept this thread as proof of age?


25 posted on 07/01/2005 7:31:18 AM PDT by Samwise (I was not born in 1938. My mother was only seven years old then.)
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To: snippy_about_it

Excellent read. Three books of possible interest:"General John Buford", by Edward Longacre; "The Cavalry at Gettyburg", same author;"Gettysburg July 1", by David G. Martin.


26 posted on 07/01/2005 8:00:04 AM PDT by PzLdr ("The Emperor is not as forgiving as I am" - Darth Vader)
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To: Samwise; snippy_about_it; alfa6; SAMWolf; Peanut Gallery; Darksheare; Valin; bentfeather
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!!!

The office coffee maker blew its brains out this morning. I still have too much blood in my caffiene system.

27 posted on 07/01/2005 8:12:53 AM PDT by Professional Engineer (Celebrate your Independence, buy cheap foriegn made crap at Deep, Deep discounts!)
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To: Professional Engineer

Oh NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!

28 posted on 07/01/2005 8:23:19 AM PDT by Soaring Feather
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To: snippy_about_it

050630-N-0905V-004 Persian Gulf (June 30, 2005) - Two F/A-18C Hornets, assigned to the "Blue Diamonds" of Strike Fighter Squadron One Four Six (VFA-146), and two F/A-18F Super Hornets, assigned to the "Black Knights" of Strike Fighter Squadron One Five Four (VFA-154), perform a fly-by over USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70) to mark the completion of the final combat missions flown over Iraq for Carrier Air Wing Nine (CVW-9). The Carl Vinson Carrier Strike Group is currently deployed to the Persian Gulf conducting operations in support of multi-national forces in Iraq. Vinson will end its deployment with a homeport shift to Norfolk, Va., and commence a three-year refuel and complex overhaul. U.S. Navy photo by Photographer's Mate Airman Chris M. Valdez (RELEASED)


050629-N-9500T-244 Pacific Ocean (June 29, 2005) – Crewmen assigned to the Military Sealift Command (MSC) fast combat support ship USNS Rainier (T AOE 7), prepare to attach a cargo pendant to an MH-60S Seahawk helicopter, assigned to Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron Three (HSC-3), during vertical replenishment training. HSC-3 is the single-site Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS) for the Navy’s Sea Combat (HSC) Squadrons operating the MH-60S helicopters. U.S. Navy photo by Photographer's Mate 2nd Class Scott Taylor (RELEASED)


050630-N-0120R-010 Coral Sea (June 30, 2005) - Air Department Sailors move an E-2C Hawkeye, assigned to the “Liberty Bells” of Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron (VAW-115), down the crowded flight deck aboard the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63). Kitty Hawk is currently operating in the Coral Sea in support of Exercise Talisman Sabre 2005. Talisman Sabre is an exercise jointly sponsored by the U.S. Pacific Command and Australian Defence Force Joint Operations Command, and designed to train the U.S. Seventh Fleet commander's staff and Australian Joint Operations staff as a designated Combined Task Force (CTF) headquarters. U.S. Navy photo by Photographer's Mate 2nd Class William H. Ramsey (RELEASED)

29 posted on 07/01/2005 8:23:48 AM PDT by Excuse_My_Bellicosity ("A litany of complaints is not a plan." -- G.W. Bush, regarding Sen. Kerry's lack of vision)
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To: Samwise

Samwise!



30 posted on 07/01/2005 8:29:21 AM PDT by Soaring Feather
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To: snippy_about_it
I coem to the Foxhole with happy news.

Dad's back home.

The pacemaker replacement went off without any problems whatsoever.

It was straightforward and he didn't feel any pain.

Thanks, Foxhole folks for prayers answered.

((HUGS))

31 posted on 07/01/2005 8:39:02 AM PDT by E.G.C.
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To: bentfeather; SAMWolf; snippy_about_it; Professional Engineer; All
It's a Friday Bump for the Freeper Foxhole.

No progress on the Pigeon Pad yesterday as we had over 2 inches of "a few sprinkles" at the alfa6 residence. Next pics will probably be Tuesday of next week.

A Friday Funnie to help P.E. cope with no coffee machine today.

Regards

alfa6 ;>}

32 posted on 07/01/2005 8:45:18 AM PDT by alfa6 (Rest, ve don't need no stinkin Rest)
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To: alfa6

Good morning, Alfa!


LOL


33 posted on 07/01/2005 8:51:11 AM PDT by Soaring Feather
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To: bentfeather

Thank you, bentfeather!


34 posted on 07/01/2005 8:52:57 AM PDT by Samwise (I hope my birthday cake is chocolate.)
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To: Professional Engineer

35 posted on 07/01/2005 8:54:32 AM PDT by Samwise (I hope my birthday cake is chocolate.)
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To: Professional Engineer; msdrby; Peanut Gallery

Poppa, remember this??
I am so sweet and innocent.

36 posted on 07/01/2005 9:06:59 AM PDT by Soaring Feather
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To: snippy_about_it; All
HI, all ya'll!

free dixie,sw

37 posted on 07/01/2005 9:18:20 AM PDT by stand watie (being a damnyankee is no better than being a racist. it is a LEARNED prejudice against dixie.)
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To: bentfeather

I don't understand it. I mean, it was such a happy coffee pot, just sitting there pleasantly, making no sound.

Then all of a sudden, kapow. So young and full of promise. Such a waste.


38 posted on 07/01/2005 9:47:23 AM PDT by Professional Engineer (Celebrate your Independence, buy cheap foriegn made crap at Deep, Deep discounts!)
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To: Professional Engineer; Darksheare
Better the pot than the cup

Note to self: don't make Darksheare's coffee in pots that aren't used in to it. ;-)

39 posted on 07/01/2005 10:18:33 AM PDT by SAMWolf (How do you tell when you run out of invisible ink?)
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To: SAMWolf; Professional Engineer

Was the initiating event in the coffeepot suicide... my coffee?


40 posted on 07/01/2005 11:01:52 AM PDT by Darksheare (Hey troll, Sith happens.)
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