The FReeper Foxhole Profiles Major General Joseph Hooker - Mar. 22nd, 2004

www.civilwarhome.com ^

[SAMWolf]

Lord,

Keep our Troops forever in Your care

Give them victory over the enemy...

Grant them a safe and swift return...

Bless those who mourn the lost.
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FReepers from the Foxhole join in prayer
for all those serving their country at this time.

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Major General Joseph Hooker
(1814 - 1879)

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One of the most immodest and immoral of the high Union commanders, "Fighting Joe" Hooker frequently felt slighted by his superiors and requested to be relieved of duty. The Massachusetts native and West Pointer (1837) had been posted to the artillery but was serving as a staff officer when he won three brevets in Mexico. Unfortunately for his later career he testified against Winfield Scott before a court of inquiry on the Mexican War. After a two-year leave he resigned on February 21, 1853, to settle in California where he was in the farming and land businesses.

Major General Joseph Hooker

At the outset of the Civil War he became a colonel of the state militia but soon offered his services to Washington where his anti-Scott testimony came back to haunt him. As a civilian he witnessed the disaster at lst Bull Run and wrote to Lincoln complaining of the mismanagement and advancing his own claim to a commission.

Accepted, his assignments included:

• Brigadier General, USV (August 3, 1861, to rank from May 17);
  • commanding brigade, Division of the Potomac (August - October 3, 1861);
  • commanding division, Army of the Potomac (October 3, 1861 -March 13, 1862);
  • commanding 2nd Division, 3rd Corps, Army of the Potomac (March 13 - September 5, 1862);
• Major General, USV (May 5, 1862);
  • commanding 3rd Corps, Army of Virginia (September 6-12, 1862);
  • commanding lst Corps, Army of the Potomac (September 12-17, 1862);
• Brigadier General, USA (September 20, 1862);
  • commanding 5th Corps, Army of the Potomac (November 10-16, 1862);
  • commanding Center Grand Division, Army of the Potomac (November 16, 1862-January 26, 1863);
  • commanding Department and Army of the Potomac (January 26 - June 28, 1863);
  • commanding llth and 12th Corps, Army of the Cumberland (September 25 - April 14, 1863);
  • commanding 20th Corps, Army of the Cumberland (April 14 - July 28, 1864);
  • commanding Northern Department (October 1, 1864 - June 27, 1865).

Image of General Hooker, erstwhile temporary commander of the Army of the Potomac

After leading a brigade and then a division around Washington he went with McClellan's army to the Peninsula, earning a reputation for looking after his men during the siege operations at Yorktown. His other reputation as a heavy user of alcohol was not so enviable. He was particularly distinguished at Williamsburg and although he felt slighted by his commander's report he was named a major general of volunteers from the date of the action. Further fighting for Hooker came at Seven Pines and throughout the Seven Days. Following its close he scored a minor success in the retaking of Malvern Hill from the Confederates. Transferred to Pope with his division, he took part in the defeat at 2nd Bull Run.

Given command of a corps for the Maryland Campaign, he fought at South Mountain and was wounded in the foot early in the morning fighting at Antietam. Three days later he was named a regular army brigadier general. Returning to duty, he briefly commanded the 5th Corps before being given charge of the Center Grand Division when Burnside reorganized his army into these two-corps formations. After the defeat at Fredericksburg and the disastrous Mud March, Burnside was relieved. In a letter to the Army of the Potomac's new commander, Hooker, Lincoln praised the general's fighting abilities but strongly questioned Hooker's previous criticism of commanders and feared that this might come back to haunt the new chief. Lincoln was also critical of the general's loose talk on the need for a military dictatorship to win the war.


The Capture of Lookout Mountain—General Hooker Fighting among the Clouds,
Harper’s Weekly (Dec. 26, 1863), p. 829.

Once in charge, Hooker's headquarters were roundly criticized by many as a combination of bar and brothel. When he launched his campaign against Lee, Hooker swore off liquor. This may have hurt more than it helped. After a brilliantly executed maneuver around Lee's flank and the crossing of two rivers, Hooker lost his nerve and withdrew his forces back into the Wilderness to await reinforcements from John Sedgewick's command coming from Fredericksburg. Here he felt convinced that Lee was in retreat but was surprised by Jackson's flank attack, which routed Oliver 0. Howard's 11th Corps. To make matters worse Hooker was dazed by the effects of a shell striking a pillar on the porch of his headquarters. He lost control of the army and ordered a withdrawal.

Kept in command, he led the army northward in the early part of the Gettysburg Campaign until he resigned on June 28, 1863, over control of the garrison at Harpers Ferry. On January 28, 1864, he received the Thanks of Congress for the beginnings of the campaign. With the Union defeat at Chickamauga, he was given charge of the Armv of the Potomac's 1lth and 12th Corps and sent to the relief of the Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga. In the battles around that place in November 1863 he did well in keeping open the supply lines and in the taking of Lookout Mountain. However, in Grant's report his actions were overshadowed by the less distinguished role of Sherman. The next spring the two corps were merged into the new 20th Corps with Hooker at their head. He fought through the Atlanta Campaign but when McPherson was killed before the city and Howard received command of the Army of the Tennessee, he asked to be relieved. This was granted and he finished the war in the quiet sector of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.



Brevetted major general in the regular army for Chattanooga, he was mustered out of the volunteers on September 1, 1866, and two years later was retired with the increased rank of major general. Always popular with his men, he lacked the confidence of his subordinate officers and was quarrelsome with his superiors. His nickname, which he never liked, resulted from the deletion of a dash in a journalistic dispatch that was discussing the Peninsula Campaign and "Fighting" was thereafter linked to his name. Popular legend has it that his name was permanently attached to prostitutes from his Civil War actions in rounding them up in one area of Washington. He died in Garden City, New York, on October 31, 1879, and is buried in Cincinnati.

[SAMWolf]

A Massachusetts native and West Pointer of the class of 1837, “Fighting Joe” Hooker had been posted to the artillery but served as a staff officer in the Mexican War. Following the conclusion of the war he resigned from the army to settle in California.


"Major-Genl. Joseph Hooker. Commander In Chief Of The 'Army Of The Potomac'." Currier & Ives, ca. 1862

He watched the battle of 1st Bull run as a civilian, having failed to gain a commission in the army. Receiving command of a brigade around Washington following that debacle, he went with McClellan’s army when it embarked on the Peninsula Campaign. He quickly gained a reputation as a heavy drinker, and a disagreeable character, but generally looked after his men well. Distinguished in the fighting around Williamsburg, he was named a major general of volunteers from the date of that action. He took part in the battles of Seven Pines a throughout the Seven Days.

Transferred to Pope’s command, he participated in the Federal defeat at 2nd Bull Run, but was given command of a corps for the Maryland Campaign. He fought at South Mountain and opened the day’s fighting at Antietam, where he was wounded in the foot.

Aides De Camp to General Joseph Hooker - Falmouth, VA, April 1863
Captain William L. Candler, Captain Harry Russell, and Captain Alexander Moore

Present at Fredericksburg and for Burnside’s infamous “Mud March”, Hooker became openly critical of his commander, and when Burnside was relieved Hooker received command of the Army of the Potomac in his place. Always arrogant, Hooker boasted that he had a plan with which he would whip “Bobby Lee”.

Hooker’s thrust through the Wilderness in the Chancellorsville area began well, but just as the Federal forces were about to emerge from the thickets of the Wilderness, the first of Lee’s forces arrived in the area to contest the advance. Having expected Lee to withdraw as soon as he discovered Hooker’s superior forces on his flank, he became alarmed when the Confederate commander did not do what he had expected. Losing his nerve, he ordered the advancing Federal columns to stop, and return to concentrate around the Chancellor house. Fierce fighting continued throughout the next day. The course of the fighting led Hooker to believe that Lee was withdrawing. Instead he was utterly surprised by Jackson’s attack on his right flank which rolled up O.O. Howard’s 11th Corps and threatened the existence of the entire army. Lee had covered Jackson’s day long march across the front of the entire Union army so that he might fall upon the Federals flank undetected. But the attack was launched so late in the day that Jackson’s men could not complete their victory before night fell, and worst of all Jackson was shot by some of his own men while returning in the darkness from a reconnaissance out in front of the Rebel lines.

Hooker himself was stunned by an artillery shell which struck a column that he was leaning against on the porch of the his headquarters at the Chancellor house. He and his army were bundled back across the Rappahannock River, and Lee had won one his most brilliant but costly victories.

Hooker remained in command of the army, but was relieved while leading the army northwards to counter Lee’s offensive in the early stages of the Gettysburg Campaign. General Meade replaced him and commanded the army on the field at Gettysburg.

Following the Union defeat at Chickamauga he was sent with the 11th and 12th Corps to reinforce the Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga. Units under his command assaulted and took Lookout Mountain, and contributed significantly to the overall Union success at Missionary Ridge.

Hooker commanded the 20th Corps capably with Sherman during the Atlanta Campaign, but again made himself personally unpopular with his peers and superiors. After McPherson was killed and Howard was given command of the Army of the Tennessee, a position that Hooker felt he should have received, he asked for be relieved. His request was promptly granted, and Sherman was glad to be rid of him.

He finished out the war in the quiet command of the Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois sector. He was mustered out of the volunteers in September of 1866.

Always popular with his men, he lost the confidence of his subordinate officers and was invariably quarrelsome with his superiors. Many Army of the Potomac's officers came to resent Hooker, Dan Butterfield, and Dan Sickles turning the headquarters of the army into a bordello after Hooker assumed command of the army. The term “hooker” was coined to describe the prostitutes that reputably followed the army when he was in command.

[SAMWolf]

According to popular myth, the men under Hooker's command were a particularly wild bunch. As the story goes, when the men were on leave they spent much of their time in brothels. For this reason, prostitutes came to be known as hookers.



But according to the American Heritage Dictionary, the usage predates the Civil War:

It appeared in the second edition (although not in the first) of John Russell Bartlett's Dictionary of Americanisms, published in 1859. Bartlett defined hooker as "a strumpet, a sailor's trull." He also said the word was derived from Corlear's Hook, a district in New York City, but this was only a guess. There is no evidence that the term originated in New York City.

Norman Ellsworth Eliason has traced this use of hooker back to 1845 in North Carolina. He reported the usage in Tarheel Talk; an Historical Study of the English Language in North Carolina to 1860, published in 1956.

The fact that we have no earlier written evidence does not mean that hooker was never used to mean prostitute before 1845. Still, there did exist a notorious red-light district in Washington — an area south of 13th and Pennsylvania where the Ronald Reagan Trade Center now stands — which was known as Hooker's division. That the area was so named is beyond question. Why is another matter that several historians have attempted to answer:


Confederate Dead behind the Stone Wall of Marye's Heights, Fredericksburg, VA (killed during the Battle of Chancellorsville, May 1863)

Some say that the camp followers of [Hooker's] Division moved in and stayed there when his troops went south … in the Spring of 1862." [Lee, p.84]

The region next to the canal between 12th and 15th streets was one of the city's most appalling slums. … In 1862 a division commanded by General Hooker was encamped nearby. When the troops left, so many prostitutes remained that for years the neighborhood was known also as Joe Hooker's division. [Cable, p.92]

[Hooker's] division was camped outside the city, and in their off-duty hours his forces found endless mischief in nearly every part of the city. To aid the military police by localizing the problem, Hooker herded many of the prostitutes into the Murder Bay area [now the Federal Triangle]. Soon this place of freshly concentrated vice was known as "Hooker's division" [Lowry, p.64 with a footnote to Leech]


Statue Mass. Statehouse
Major General Joseph Hooker (1814-1879)
Sculptors:
Figure: Daniel Chester French
Horse: Edward C. Potter
Created: 1903

Troops commanded by General Hooker were encamped near Washington on three occasions: two and a half months following 2nd Bull Run (Sep to Nov 1862); at Bladensburg, MD for almost three months in 1861; and at Budd's Ferry from October 1861 through April 1862. But there is no indication from brigade historians (Blake or Haynes) that enlisted men were in Washington establishing such an unsavory reputation during any of these periods. Moreover, the courts-martial records of the 11th Massachusetts are devoid of charges relating to "endless mischief" in Washington. (It seems that liquor, not prostitutes, was the main source of difficulty between Hooker's men and the military authorities.)

Thus, the evidence indicates that the precise origin of "hooker" is, quite simply, unknown. We can be certain that it did not begin with Joseph Hooker. But the irresistible coincidence between his name and the pre-existing use of the word (along with Hooker's rise to celebrity status), secured for all time the popular myth.

Additional Sources:

www.morssweb.com
www.swcivilwar.com
www.sternbergh.com
www.newgenevacenter.org
www.ferenzi.com/maddie/trip
www.philaprintshop.com
www.springgrove.org
www.civilwarphotos.net
www.allenscreations.com

[SAMWolf]

Lincoln's Letter to Major General Joseph Hooker

Joseph Hooker, called "Fighting Joe," was the third in a succession of commanding Union generals Lincoln appointed in his search for victories during the Civil War. When he gave Hooker command of the Army of the Potomac, Lincoln handed him this letter, which candidly discusses Hooker's strengths and weaknesses. Hooker reportedly was touched by its fatherly tone, but failed to deliver the results Lincoln expected.

Five months after he wrote this letter and just before the pivotal battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln replaced Hooker with George Meade. After Lincoln's assassination, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton placed Hooker in charge of some of the President's funerals, ending with a procession in Lincoln's hometown of Springfield, Illinois.

Executive Mansion
Washington, January 26, 1863

Major General Hooker:

General.

I have placed you at the head of the Army of the Potomac. Of course I have done this upon what appear to me to be sufficient reasons. And yet I think it best for you to know that there are some things in regard to which, I am not quite satisfied with you. I believe you to be a brave and a skilful soldier, which, of course, I like. I also believe you do not mix politics with your profession, in which you are right. You have confidence in yourself, which is a valuable, if not an indispensable quality. You are ambitious, which, within reasonable bounds, does good rather than harm. But I think that during Gen. Burnside's command of the Army, you have taken counsel of your ambition, and thwarted him as much as you could, in which you did a great wrong to the country, and to a most meritorious and honorable brother officer. I have heard, in such way as to believe it, of your recently saying that both the Army and the Government needed a Dictator. Of course it was not for this, but in spite of it, that I have given you the command. Only those generals who gain successes, can set up dictators. What I now ask of you is military success, and I will risk the dictatorship. The government will support you to the utmost of it's ability, which is neither more nor less than it has done and will do for all commanders. I much fear that the spirit which you have aided to infuse into the Army, of criticising their Commander, and withholding confidence from him, will now turn upon you. I shall assist you as far as I can, to put it down. Neither you, nor Napoleon, if he were alive again, could get any good out of an army, while such a spirit prevails in it.

And now, beware of rashness. Beware of rashness, but with energy, and sleepless vigilance, go forward, and give us victories.

Yours very truly

A. Lincoln

[SAMWolf]

Veterans for Constitution Restoration is a non-profit, non-partisan educational and grassroots activist organization. The primary area of concern to all VetsCoR members is that our national and local educational systems fall short in teaching students and all American citizens the history and underlying principles on which our Constitutional republic-based system of self-government was founded. VetsCoR members are also very concerned that the Federal government long ago over-stepped its limited authority as clearly specified in the United States Constitution, as well as the Founding Fathers' supporting letters, essays, and other public documents.

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Iraq Homecoming Tips

~ Thanks to our Veterans still serving, at home and abroad. ~ Freepmail to Ragtime Cowgirl | 2/09/04 | FRiend in the USAF

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The FReeper Foxhole. America's History. America's Soul

Click on Hagar for
"The FReeper Foxhole Compiled List of Daily Threads"

[Victoria Delsoul]

Hi Sam, are you enjoying your Spring Break?

[radu]

Good morning to all at the Foxhole!

To all our military men and women, past and present,
THANK YOU for serving the USA!

[Samwise]

You combined a history lesson with an English lesson. Now we know the origin of the word.

I am convinced that "strategery" will end up in the dictionary--a much better language legacy for our President than "a Monica."

[Soaring Feather]

Good Monday morning everyone in The FOXHOLE!!

[Valin]

On This Day In History


Birthdates which occurred on March 22:
1459 Maximilian I of Habsburg German Emperor/archduke of Austria
1599 Sir Anthony Van Dyck Flemish painter (Charles I of England)
1609 John II Casimir Vasa cardinal/king of Poland (1648-68)
1797 Kaiser Wilhelm I German emperor (1871-88)
1799 F W A Argelander Memel E Prussia, cataloguer of 324,188 stars
1813 Gabriel Rene Paul Brigadier General (Union volunteers), died in 1886
1817 Braxton Bragg General (Confederate Army), died in 1876
1819 William Wirt Adams Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1888
1822 Seth Williams Brevet Major General (Union Army), died in 1866
1824 William Henry Chase Whiting Major General (Confederate Army)
1834 Francis Asbury Shoup Brigadier General (Confederate Army), died in 1896
1846 Randolph Caldecott England, illustrator (Caldecott Medal namesake)
1857 Arnold Sauwen Flemish poet (Along the Meuse)
1857 Paul Doumer Governor-General of Indo-China/13th President of France (1931-32)
1868 Robert A Millikan US physicist (photoelectric effect; Nobel 1923)
1887 Chico [Leonard] Marx New York NY, comedian (Marx Brothers)
1903 James S Russell US pilot/Admiral (WWII Pacific Ocean)
1907 James Gavin US, 82nd Airborne Division General (Sicily/Normandy)
1908 Louis D L'Amour Jamestown ND, author (Hondo, Jubal Sackett)
1913 Karl Malden Chicago IL, actor (Mike-Streets of San Francisco, American Express)
1917 Paul Rogers Plympton Devon England, actor (Looking Glass War, Billy Budd)
1917 Virginia Grey Los Angeles CA, actress (Another Thin Man, Idiot's Delight, Idaho)
1920 Ross Martin Grodek Poland, actor (Mr Lucky, Wild Wild West)
1923 Marcel Marceau Strasbourg France, mime (Barbarella, Silent Movie)
1924 Al Neuharth newspaper founder (USA Today)
1928 Bill Archer (Representative-Republican-TX, 1971- )
1930 Derek Bok college president (Harvard)
1930 Pat Robertson televangelist (700 club, Presidential candidate-Republican-1989)
1930 Stephen Sondheim New York NY, lyricist/composer (Sweeney Todd, Into The Woods, West Side Story, A Little Night Music)
1931 William Shatner Montréal Canada, actor (Star Trek, T J Hooker)
1934 Orrin G Hatch (Senator-Republican-UT, 1977- )
1935 M[ichael] Emmet Walsh Ogdensburg NY, actor (Wildcats, War Party)
1936 Roger Whittaker Nairobi Kenya, country singer (Durham Town)
1936 Ron Carey union president (Teamsters)
1943 George Benson Pittsburgh PA, singer/guitarist (Greatest Love of All)
1944 Jeremy Clyde Buckinghamshire England, rocker (Chad & Jeremy-Yesterday's Gone)
1948 Andrew Lloyd Webber London England, composer (Evita, Starlight Express, Phantom of the Opera, Jesus Christ Superstar)
1951 Howard Reitzes Southgate CA, rocker (Iron Butterfly)
1951 Musa Khiramanovich Manarov USSR, cosmonaut (Soyuz TM-4, TM-11)
1952 Bob Costas Queens NY, sportscaster/talk show host (Later)
1959 Matthew Modine Loma Linda CA, actor (Full Metal Jacket, Pacific Heights)
1966 Yahya Ayyash militant
1970 Reggie White NFL nose tackle (New England Patriots)
1974 Kim Yun-Jung Miss Korea-Universe (1996)
1979 Mariah Leanne Bergmann Miss Kansas Teen-USA (1997)

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Deaths which occurred on March 22:
0337 Constantine Emperor of Rome, dies at 47
1639 Thomas Carew English poet/diplomat (The Rapture), dies
1758 Jonathan Edwards theologian/philosopher (Original Sin), dies at 54
1820 Stephen Decatur killed in a duel with Com James Barron, at 41
1867 Ferdinando Giorgetti composer, dies at 70
1931 Ban Johnson founder of baseball's American League, dies at 67
1958 Michael Todd producer (Around the World in 80 Days), dies at 56
1974 Peter Revson US race car driver (Indianapolis 500), dies at 35
1978 Karl Wallenda falls to death walking high-wire in Puerto Rico, at 73
1994 Walter Lantz US cartoonist (Woody Woodpecker), dies at 93
1996 Robert Franklin Overmyer astronaut (STS 5, STS 51-B), dies at 59

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Reported: MISSING in ACTION
1968 GUY THEODORE W.---ELMHURST IL.
[03/16/73 RELEASED BY NVA, 04/23/99]
1968 HATTORI MASAKI---STOCKTON CA.
1968 LYON DONOVAN L.---HOLLYWOOD CA.
1971 CLEVE REGINALD D.---FARMINGTON MO.
1971 HALL WALTER R.---LOS ANGELES CA.
1971 KNUTSEN DONALD P.---BUFFALO NY.
1971 MORIARTY PETER G.---NEWINGTON CT.
1971 TRAVER JOHN G. III---JACKSONVILLE FL.

POW / MIA Data & Bios supplied by
the P.O.W. NETWORK. Skidmore, MO. USA.

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On this day...
1752 Pope Stephen II elected to succeed Zacharias, died 2 days later
1349 Townspeople of Fulda Germany massacre Jews (blamed for black death)

1457 Gutenberg Bible became the 1st printed book

1556 Cardinal Reginald Pole becomes archbishop of Canterbury
1594 French King Henri IV festival in Paris France
1621 Massasoit & Pilgrims agree on league of friendship (Plymouth)
1622 1st Indian (Powhattan) massacre of whites, Jamestown VA; 347 slain
1630 1st colonial legislation prohibiting gambling enacted (Boston)
1638 Religious dissident Anne Hutchinson expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony
1733 Joseph Priestly invents carbonated water (seltzer)
1765 Stamp Act passed: 1st direct British tax on colonists
1775 Edmund Burke presents his 13 articles to the English parliament
1778 Captain Cook sights Cape Flattery, in Washington state
1790 Thomas Jefferson becomes the 1st US Secretary of State
1794 Congress bans US vessels from supplying slaves to other countries
1841 Cornstarch patented (Orlando Jones)
1861 1st US nursing school chartered
1865 Raid at Wilson's: Chickaswas AL to Macon GA
1871 William Holden of North Carolina is 1st governor removed from office by impeachment
1872 Illinois becomes 1st state to require sexual equality in employment
1873 Slavery is abolished in Puerto Rico
1874 Young Men's Hebrew Association is founded in New York NY
1882 Edmunds Act adopted by US to suppress polygamy in the territories
1903 New York Highlanders (Yankees) tickets 1st go on sale
1903 Niagera Falls runs out of water because of a drought
1914 World's 1st airline, St Petersburg Tampa Airboat Line, begins
1922 British court sentences Mahatma Gandhi to 6 years in prison
1929 66 horses run in Irish Grand National Sweepstakes
1929 USCG vessel sank Canadian schooner suspected of carrying liquor
1933 FDR makes wine & beer with up to 3.2% alcohol legal
1934 1st Masters golf championship began in Augusta GA
1934 Fire destroys Hakodate Japan (kills 1,500, injures 1,000)
1935 Blood tests authorized as evidence in court cases (New York)
1941 Grand Coulee Dam in Washington goes into operation
1943 SS police chief Rauter threatens to kill half Jewish children
1944 600+ 8th Air Force bombers attack Berlin
1945 Arab League forms with adoption of a charter in Cairo Egypt
1945 US 3rd Army crosses Rhine at Nierstein
1946 1st US rocket to leave the Earth's atmosphere (50 miles up)
1946 Britain signs treaty granting independence to Jordan
1953 Antonín Zápotocky chosen as president of Czechoslovakia
1954 1st shopping mall opened in Southfield MI
1958 Faisal succeeds Saudi as king of Saudi-Arabia
1958 Liz Taylor's 3rd divorce (Mike Todd)
1960 1st patent for lasers, granted to Arthur Schawlow & Charles Townes
1963 British Minister of War John Profumo denies having sex with Christine Keeler
1964 Barbra Streisand appears on the cover of New York Times Magazine section
1967 Muhammad Ali [Cassius Clay] KOs Zora Folley in 7 for heavyweight boxing title in 1st Madison Square Garden fight
1968 Student riot in Nanterre near Paris France
1972 Congress approves Equal Rights Amendment (never ratified)
1972 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar named NBA MVP
1977 Indira Gandhi resigns as Prime Minister of India
1981 1st class postage raised to 18¢ from 15¢
1983 Chaim Herzog elected Israeli president
1984 Islander Bryan Trottier ties NHL rec scores 5 seconds into game
1986 Kurt Browning (Canada) becomes 1st skater to land a quadruple jump
1988 Congress overrides Reagan's veto of sweeping civil rights bill
1989 US Supreme Court upholds 1 person 1 vote rule of New York NY Board of Estimate
1990 Anchorage jury finds Captain Hazelwood innocent of Valdez oil spill
1990 The Major League umpires announce that they will boycott exhibition games
1991 Law enforcement officers raid fraternities at University of Virginia seizing drugs
1991 Pamela Smart (HS teacher) found guilty in New Hampshire of manipulating her student-lover to kill her husband
1993 Intel introduces Pentium-processor (80586) 64 bits-60 MHz-100+ MIPS
1994 Dutch Ambassador to US christens a new tulip (the Hillary Clinton)
1995 Deputy Governor of Bank of England, Rupert Pennant-Rea, resigns following revelations of his affair with a freelance journalist
1996 Cheryl Depew, of Florida, crowned 13th Miss Hawaiian Tropic International
1997 Comet Hale-Bopp Closest Approach to Earth (1.315 AU)

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Holidays
Note: Some Holidays are only applicable on a given "day of the week"

Jordan, Lebanon : Arab League Day (1945)
Puerto Rico : Emancipation Day (1873)
US : National Goof-off Day
US : We Love Broccoli Day (BOOO)
US : Chocolate Week (Day 2)(Hooray)
Humorists Are Artists Month

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Religious Observances
Christian : Earliest possible Easter (eg, 1818, 2285)
old Roman Catholic : Commemoration of St Isidore the Farm-Laborer, confessor
Lutheran : Commemoration of Jonathan Edwards, teacher/missionary
Anglican : Commemoration of James De Koven, priest

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Religious History
1621 In colonial Massachusetts, the Plymouth Colony made a treaty with the neighboring Indians which both sides kept for fifty years.
1819 Birth of Joseph P. Webster, American sacred music writer. During his lifetime, Webster composed over 1,000 pieces of music, including the still_popular hymn tune SWEET BY AND BY ("There's a Land That is Fairer Than Day").
1836 Birth of Edgar P. Stites, American Methodist frontier preacher and missionary. Stites is remembered today as author of the hymns "Beulah Land" and "Trusting Jesus."
1874 The first meeting of the newly established Young Men's Hebrew Association was held in New York City. Other early "Y's" were founded in Philadelphia (1875), St. Louis (1880) and San Francisco (1885). (The YMHA became the forerunner of the modern Jewish Community Center.)
1930 Birthday of Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson, religious broadcaster, politician and founder in 1963 of the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN).

Source: William D. Blake. ALMANAC OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1987.

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Thought for the day :
"The picture of health requires a happy frame of mind."

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Hallmark cards that never made it...
As the days go by,
I think how lucky I am ...
(inside card)
That you're not here
To ruin it for me.

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New State Slogans...
Arizona: But It's A Dry Heat

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Male Language Patterns...
"I can't find it," REALLY MEANS,
"It didn't fall into my outstretched hands, so I'm completely clueless."

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Female Language Patterns...
You're ... so manly REALLLY MEANS,
You need a shave and you sweat a lot.

[snippy_about_it]

FALL IN to the FReeper Foxhole!



Good Monday Morning Everyone

If you would like added to our ping list let us know.

[E.G.C.]

Good morning, Snippy and everyone at the Freeper Foxhole.

Good luck to OU men and women in their respecetive games tonight. (OU Men, NIT OU Ladies, NCAA)

[E.G.C.]

Good morning, Snippy and everyone at the Freeper Foxhole.

Good luck to OU men and women in their respecetive games tonight. (OU Men, NIT OU Ladies, NCAA)

[E.G.C.]

Whoops, I double posted.(LOL):-D

[The Mayor]

The memory of the righteous is blessed, but the name of the wicked will rot. -Proverbs 10:7

When others think of you, do they think of Jesus?

[Aeronaut]

Good morning Snippy.

Curtiss-Bleecker (1930)

[snippy_about_it]

Good morning radu.

[snippy_about_it]

Good morning feather.

[snippy_about_it]

Male Language Patterns...
"I can't find it," REALLY MEANS,
"It didn't fall into my outstretched hands, so I'm completely clueless."



LOL. This is soooo true!

[snippy_about_it]

Good morning EGC.

Good morning EGC.


:-)

[Soaring Feather]

Good morning snippy, real chilly here this morning, 12 F. Burrrr.