Catena Aurea by St. Thomas Aguinas

John CHAP. 8

8:1–11

1. Jesus went unto the mount of Olives.

2. And early in the morning he came again into the temple, and all the people came unto him; and he sat down, and taught them.

3. And the Scribes and Pharisees brought unto him a woman taken in adultery; and when they had set her in the midst,

4. They say unto him, Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act.

5. Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but what sayest thou?

6. This they said, tempting him, that they might have to accuse him. But Jesus stooped down, and with his finger wrote on the ground, as though he heard them not.

7. So when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said unto them, He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her.

8. And again He stooped down, and wrote on the ground.

9. And they which heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, went out one by one, beginning at the eldest, even unto the last: and Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst.

10. When Jesus had lifted up himself, and saw none but the woman, he said unto her, Woman, where are those thine accusers? hath no man condemned thee?

11. She said, No man, Lord. And Jesus said unto her, Neither do I condemn thee: go, and sin no more.

ALCUIN. Our Lord at the time of His passion used to spend the day in Jerusalem, preaching in the temple, and performing miracles, and return in the evening to Bethany, where He lodged with the sisters of Lazarus. Thus on the last day of the feast, having, according to His wont, preached the whole day in the temple, in the evening He went to the mount of Olives.

AUGUSTINE. (Tract. xxxiii. 3) And where ought Christ to teach, except on the mount of Olives; on the mount of ointment, on the mount of chrism. For the name Christ is from chrism, chrism being the Greek word for unction. He has anointed us, for wrestling with the devil.

ALCUIN. The anointing with oil is a relief to the limbs, when wearied and in pain. The mount of Olives also denotes the height of our Lord’s pity, olive in the Greek signifying pity. The qualities of oil are such as to fit in to this mystical meaning. For it floats above all other liquids: and the Psalmist says, Thy mercy is over all Thy works. And early in the morning, He came again into the temple: (Ps. 144) i. e. to denote the giving and unfolding of His mercy, i. e. the now dawning light of the New Testament in the faithful, that is, in His temple. His returning early in the morning, signifies the new rise of grace.

BEDE. And next it is signified, that after He began to dwell by grace in His temple, i. e. in the Church, men from all nations would believe in Him: And all the people came to Him, and He sat down and taught them.

ALCUIN. The sitting down, represents the humility of His incarnation. And the people came to Him, when He sat down, i. e. after taking up human nature, and thereby becoming visible, many began to hear and believe on Him, only knowing Him as their friend and neighbour. But while these kind and simple persons are full of admiration at our Lord’s discourse, the Scribes and Pharisees put questions to Him, not for the sake of instruction, but only to entangle the truth in their nets: And the Scribes and Pharisees brought unto Him a woman taken in adultery; and when they had set her in the midst, they say unto Him, Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act.

AUGUSTINE. (Tract. xxxiii. s. 4) They had remarked upon Him already, as being over lenient. Of Him indeed it had been prophesied, Ride on because of the word of truth, of meekness, and of righteousness. (Ps. 44) So as a teacher He exhibited truth, as a deliverer meekness, as a judge righteousness. When He spoke, His truth was acknowledged; when against His enemies He used no violence, His meekness was praised. So they raised the scandal on the score of justice. For they said among themselves, If He decide to let her go, He will not do justice; for the law cannot command what is unjust: Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but to maintain His meekness, which has made Him already so acceptable to the people, He must decide to let her go. Wherefore they demand His opinion: And what sayest Thou? hoping to find an occasion to accuse Him, as a transgressor of the law: And this they said tempting Him, that they might have to accuse Him. But our Lord in His answer both maintained His justice, and departed not from meekness. Jesus stooped down, and with His finger wrote on the ground.

AUGUSTINE. (de Con. Evang. lib. ii. c. 10) As if to signify that such persons were to be written in earth, not in heaven, where He told His disciples they should rejoice they were written. Or His bowing His head (to write on the ground), is an expression of humility; the writing on the ground signifying that His law was written on the earth which bore fruit, not on the barren stone, as before.

ALCUIN. The ground denotes the human heart, which yieldeth the fruit either of good or of bad actions: the finger jointed and flexible, discretion. He instructs us then, when we see any faults in our neighbours, not immediately and rashly to condemn them, but after searching our own hearts to begin with, to examine them attentively with the finger of discretion.

BEDE. His writing with His finger on the ground perhaps shewed, that it was He who had written the law on stone.

So when they continued asking Him, He lifted Himself up.

AUGUSTINE. (Tract. xxxiii. 5) He did not say, Stone her not, lest He should seem to speak contrary to the law. But God forbid that He should say, Stone her; for He came not to destroy that which He found, but to seek that which was lost. What then did He answer? He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her. This is the voice of justice. Let the sinner be punished, but not by sinners; the law carried into effect, but not by transgressors of the law.

GREGORY. For he who judges not himself first, cannot know how to judge correctly in the case of another. For though He know what the offence is, from being told, yet He cannot judge of another’s deserts, who supposing himself innocent, will not apply the rule of justice to himself.

AUGUSTINE. (Tract. xxxiii. 5) Having with the weapon of justice smitten them, He deigned not even to look on the fallen, but averted His eyes: And again He stooped down, and wrote on the ground.

ALCUIN. This is like our Lord; while His eyes are fixed, and He seems attending to something else, He gives the bystanders an opportunity of retiring: a tacit admonition to us to consider always both before we condemn a brother for a sin, and after we have punished him, whether we are not guilty ourselves of the same fault, or others as bad.

AUGUSTINE. (Tract. xxxiii. s. 5) Thus smitten then with the voice of justice, as with a weapon, they examine themselves, find themselves guilty, and one by one retire: And they which heard it, went out one by one, beginning at the eldesta.

GLOSS. The more guilty of them, perhaps, or those who were more conscious of their faults.

AUGUSTINE. (Tract. xxxiii. 5, 6) There were left however two, the pitiable1 and the pitiful, And Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst: the woman, you may suppose, in great alarm, expecting punishment from one in whom no sin could be found. But He who had repelled her adversaries with the word of justice, lifted on her the eyes of mercy, and asked; When Jesus had lifted Himself up, and saw none but the woman, He said unto her, Woman, where are these thine accusers? hath no man condemned thee? She said, No man, Lord. We heard above the voice of justice; let us hear now that of mercy: Jesus said unto her, Neither do I condemn thee; I, who thou fearedst would condemn thee, because thou foundest no fault in me. What then, Lord? Dost Thou favour sin? No, surely. Listen to what follows, Go, and sin no more. So then our Lord condemned sin, but not the sinner. For did He favour sin, He would have said, Go, and live as thou wilt: depend on my deliverance: howsoever great thy sins be, it matters not: I will deliver thee from hell, and its tormentors. But He did not say this. Let those attend, who love the Lord’s mercy, and fear His truth. Truly, Gracious and righteous is the Lord. (Ps. 35:7)

NAVARRE BIBLE COMMENTARY (RSV)

Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam (To the Greater Glory of God)

From: Isaiah 43:16-21

Announcement of a New Exodus (Continuation)
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[16] Thus says the Lord, who makes a way in the sea, a path in the mighty waters, [17] who brings forth chariot and horse, army and warrior; they lie down, they cannot rise, they are extinguished, quenched like a wick; [18] "Remember not the former things, nor consider the things of old. [19] Behold, I am doing a new thing; now it springs forth, do you not perceive it? I will make a way in the wilderness and rivers in the desert. [20] The wild beasts will honor me, the jackals and the ostriches; for I give water in the wilderness, rivers in the desert, to give drink to my chosen people, [21] The people whom I formed for myself that they might declare my praise.

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Commentary:

43:11-44:5. God chose Israel and he had special love for his people (cf. 43:1-13). Just as in the past he acted in ways that showed he had not forgotten them, not least by releasing them from Egypt and guiding them through the wilderness, he will show equal power and kindness by bringing them out of Babylon (cf. 43:14-21). The provident care that he takes of them is not a reward that the people have earned; it stems entirely from his mercy; he is steadfast in his love for them, despite all their faults (43:22-44:5). His people have more than enough reason to be tranquil and unconcerned, for the Lord, who has special love for them, is the one true God and there is nothing, no one, to match him (cf. 44:6- 23). So, this group of oracles ends with shouts of joy, acknowledging the redemption that God brings (cf. 44:23).

43:14-21. This oracle is part of the doctrinal core of the “Book of Consolation” (40:1-48:22), where we can see the exodus from Egypt as the prototype of every instance of liberation brought about by the Lord. Its most direct reference would be to the return of those exiled in Babylon. The original exodus from Egypt was quite remarkable and well worth pondering; but this exodus is truly “new”, surpassing what happened in former times (cf. vv. 18-19). This prophecy is very carefully constructed. It first acknowledges God by giving an impressive list of divine titles, repeated several times: Lord, Redeemer, Holy One of Israel, Creator, King (vv. 14-15); then comes the announcement of the new exodus based on traditions to do with the first exodus, without mentioning it specifically (vv. 16-21); it recalls, with sadness, yet serenity, the people’s infidelities (vv. 22-24); and it ends with God asserting his forgiveness in the context of a "rib", that is, a “legal hearing” (vv. 25-28).

The prophet’s words are designed to fill the people with hope that they will soon be able to return home, and also with the energy to undertake the religious restoration of Israel. But they are also a reminder to people at all times that God never abandons his chosen ones, and a constant encouragement to renew their fervor. The only proviso is that they must have recourse to the mercy of God and sincerely admit their sins. Thus, we find St Gregory the Great interpreting the “suit” in v. 26 as describing the examination of conscience that leads to the confession of sins: “The conscience accuses, reason judges, fear binds, and suffering tortures” ("Moralia in Job", 25,7, 12-13).

From: Philippians 3:8-14

The Righteousness of God Is Better Than That of the Law (Continuation)
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[8] Indeed I count everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them as refuse, in order that I may gain Christ [9] and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own, based on law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith; [10] that I may know him and the power of his resurrection, and may share his sufferings becoming like him in his death, [11] that if possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead.

[12] Not that I have already obtained this or am already perfect; but I press on to make it my own, because Christ Jesus has made me his own.

The Spiritual Athlete
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[13] Brethren, I do not consider that I have made it my own; but one thing I do, forgetting what lies behind and straining forward to what lies ahead, [14] I press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus.

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Commentary:

8. St Paul has a great love for his people. In Romans he shows that he would be ready to accept any sacrifice "for the sake of my brethren, my kinsmen of the flesh" (Rom 9:3f). However, he recognizes that everything in which he gloried before his conversion is worthless in comparison with the grace of knowledge of Christ: that is the hidden treasure, the precious pearl referred to in Gospel parables (cf. Mt 13:44-46). For "once a person experiences the riches of Christ the Lord, he looks down on everything else: property, wealth and honors he views as filth. For there is nothing that can compare with that supreme treasure, nothing that can be placed beside it" ("St Pius V Catechism", IV, 11, 15).

9. St Paul makes the distinction between "a righteousness of my own" attainable by personal effort, and that which comes from God. The former is the righteousness a person can attain by fulfilling the Mosaic Law; it is a good thing, but it is insufficient to give one the full revelation of God in Christ, insufficient to give one a share in the glory of his Resurrection (vv. 10-11). For that, one needs to have righteousness from God, that is, supernatural grace: "not the justice by which he is himself just, but the justice by which he makes us just, namely, the justice which we have as a gift from him and by which we are renewed in the spirit of our mind. And not only are we considered just, but we are truly said to be just, and we are just" (Council of Trent, "De Iustificatione", chap. 7). For a more detailed explanation of the concept of the righteousness that comes from God, see the note on Romans 1:17.

10-12. The calling to holiness which every Christian receives is not a reward for personal merit: it comes from God's initiative; God desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth (cf. 1 Tim 2:4), that is, to know God himself. The Apostle bears witness to this when he says that "Christ Jesus has made me his own." However, he also says that, in order to grow in knowledge of Christ and enjoy God in heaven, one needs to strive to share in Christ's sufferings. "The Christian is certainly bound both by need and by duty to struggle with evil through many afflictions and to suffer death; but, as one who has been made a partner in the paschal mystery and has been configured to the death of Christ, he will go forward, strengthened by hope, to the resurrection" (Vatican II, "Gaudium Et Spes", 22). This struggle, which sometimes calls for heroism, is usually pitched in the incidents of one's ordinary day. Heroism in the everyday battle proves the sincerity of our love and is a sure way to holiness.

"Certainly our goal is both lofty and difficult to attain. But please do not forget that people are not born holy. Holiness is forged through a constant interplay of God's grace and man's response. As one of the early Christian writers says, referring to union with God, 'Everything that grows begins small. It is by constant and progressive feeding that it gradually grows big' (St Mark the Hermit, "De Lege Spirituali", 172). So I say to you, if you want to become a thorough-going Christian--and I know you do, even though you often find it difficult to conquer yourself or to keep climbing upwards with this poor body--then you will have to be very attentive to the minutest of details, for the holiness that our Lord demands of you is to be achieved by carrying out with love of God your work and your daily duties, and these will almost always consist of ordinary little things" (St J. Escriva, "Friends of God", 7).

"That if possible I may attain the resurrection of the dead": St Paul is referring here to the glorious resurrection of the just, whom the power of the risen Christ will rescue from the domain of death. At the second coming of the Lord, both the souls of the blessed in heaven and the souls of those who are still in purgatory undergoing the temporal punishment due to sins they committed will be re-united with their now glorified bodies. The reprobate will also rise, but their destiny is to suffer for ever the pains of hell in body and soul (cf. Second Council of Lyons, "Profession of Faith of Michael Paleologue").

Man's supernatural last end consists in knowing God as he is and enjoying him in heaven. When he attains this, man finds complete fulfillment. His life on earth has been a route leading to this perfection, a resurrection in glory. The Apostle recognizes that he needs the help of grace to be "perfect" (that is, faithful unto death) and thereby attain the prize promised by God: perseverance right to the end is not entirely a function of the merit a person has built up; it is a gift from God (cf. "De Iustificatione", chap. 13). However, God does not dispense man from generously responding to grace in order to attain holiness. As St Teresa of Avila says. "It matters a great deal, it is essential [...], that one have very great, very determined, resolution not to halt until one attains it, come what may, whatever happens, however much one suffers, however much people may gossip, whether I get there or not, even if I die on the way or am not able to face all the effort involved, even if the world collapses around me" ("Way of Perfection", 35, 2).

12-14. Growth in holiness always demands an effort. St Paul here uses a vivid comparison--races in the stadium. He describes ascetical struggle in terms of enjoyable supernatural sport. Realizing that he has not reached perfection, he strains to win: Christ already made him his own (cf. v. 12) by entering his life on the Damascus road; from that moment onwards he has striven single-mindedly to serve God.

Our Lord helps everyone to discover his or her particular supernatural vocation. In response to that calling a person should seek to serve God in such a way that "everything good he does, interiorly or externally, he does for the glory and pleasure of God, like a loyal slave who gives everything he gets to his master. Moreover," St John of Avila goes on, "even though he has worked as a servant for many years past, he is not easy-going or careless [...]. He always has that 'hunger and thirst for righteousness' (Mt 5:6): he puts little weight on everything he has done, thinking of how much he has received and how much is due to the Lord he serves" ("Audi, Filia", 92).

In making one's way towards perfection it is important to be always trying to advance spiritually. "What does walking mean?", St Augustine asked himself; "I shall answer very briefly: it means going forward [...]. Examine yourself. You should always be unhappy with what you are, if you want to attain what you are not yet. For when you were content with yourself, you stayed where you were, because if you say 'Enough', you are finished that very minute. Always grow, always walk on, always advance; do not stop on the way, do not turn back, do not go off course. One who does not advance is standing still; one who returns to the things he already abandoned is going backwards; one who goes off course commits apostasy. It is better to hobble along the road than run on any other route" ("Sermon" 169, 15, 18).

From: John 8:1-11

Different Opinions About Jesus (Continuation)
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[1] But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives.

The Adulterous Woman
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[2] Early in the morning He came again to the temple; all the people came to Him, and He sat down and taught them. [3] The scribes and the Pharisees brought a woman who had been caught in adultery, and placing her in the midst [4] they said to Him, "Teacher, this woman has been caught in the act of adultery. [5] Now in the law Moses commanded us to stone such. What do you say about her?" [6] This they said to test Him, that they might have some charge to bring against Him. Jesus bent down and wrote with His finger on the ground. [7] And as they continued to ask Him, He stood up and said to them, "Let him who is without sin among you be the first to throw a stone at her." [8] And once more He bent down and wrote with His finger on the ground. [9] But when they heard it, they went away, one by one, beginning with the eldest, and Jesus was left alone with the woman standing before Him. [10] Jesus looked up and said to her, "Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you?" [11] She said, "No one, Lord." And Jesus said, "Neither do I condemn you; go, and do not sin again."

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Commentary:

1-11. This passage is absent from many ancient codexes, but it was in the Vulgate when the Magisterium, at the Council of Trent, defined the canon of Sacred Scripture. Therefore, the Church regards it as canonical and inspired, and has used it and continues to use it in the liturgy. It is also included in the New Vulgate, in the same position as it occupied before.

St. Augustine said that the reason doubts were raised about the passage was that it showed Jesus to be so merciful that some rigorists thought it would lead to a relaxation of moral rules--and therefore many copyists suppressed it from their manuscripts (cf. "De Coniugiis Adulterinis", 2, 6).

In commenting on the episode of the woman caught in adultery Fray Luis de Granada gives these general considerations on the mercy of Christ: "Your feelings, your deeds and your words should be akin to these, if you desire to be a beautiful likeness of the Lord. And therefore the Apostle is not content with telling us to be merciful; he tells us, as God's sons, to put on `the bowels of mercy' (cf. Colossians 3:12). Imagine, then, what the world would be like if everyone arrayed themselves in this way.

"All this is said to help us understand to some degree the great abundance of the goodness and compassion of our Savior, which shine forth so clearly in these actions of His, for [...] in this life we cannot know God in Himself; we can know Him only through His actions. [...] But it should also be pointed out that we should never act in such a way in view of God's mercy, that we forget about His justice; nor should we attend to His justice forgetting about His mercy; for hope should have in it an element of fear, and fear an element of hope" ("Life of Jesus Christ", 13, 4).

1. We know that on a number of occasions our Lord withdrew to the Mount of Olives to pray (cf. John 18:2; Luke 22:39). This place was to the east of Jerusalem; the Kidron Valley (cf. John 18:1) divided it from the hill on which the temple was built. It had from ancient times been a place of prayer: David went there to adore God during the difficult period when Absalom was in revolt (2 Samuel 15:32), and there the prophet Ezekiel contemplated the glory of Yahweh entering the temple (Ezekiel 43:1-4). At the foot of the hill there was a garden, called Gethsemane or "the place of the oil-press", an enclosed plot containing a plantation of olive trees. Christian tradition has treated this place with great respect and has maintained it as a place of prayer. Towards the end of the fourth century a church was built there, on whose remains the present church was built. There are still some ancient olive trees growing there which could well derive from those of our Lord's time.

6. The question put by the scribes and Pharisees has a catch: our Lord had often shown understanding to people they considered sinners; they come to Him now with this case to see if He will be equally indulgent--which will allow them to accuse Him of infringing a very clear precept of the Law (cf. Leviticus 20:10).

7. Jesus' reply refers to the way stoning was carried out: those who witnessed the crime had to throw the first stones, and then others joined in, to erase the slur on the people which the crime implied (cf. Deuteronomy 17:7). The question put to Jesus was couched in legal terms; He raises it to the moral plane (the basis and justification of the legal plane), appealing to the people's conscience. He does not violate the law, St. Augustine says, and at the same time He does not want to lose what He is seeking--for He has come to save that which was lost: "His answer is so full of justice, gentleness and truth. [...] O true answer of Wisdom. You have heard: Keep the Law, let the woman be stoned. But how can sinners keep the Law and punish this woman? Let each of them look inside himself and enter the tribunal of his heart and conscience; there he will discover that he is a sinner. Let this woman be punished, but not by sinners; let the Law be applied, but not by its transgressors" (St. Augustine, "In Ioann. Evang.", 33, 5).

11. "The two of them were left on their own, the wretched woman and Mercy. But the Lord, having smitten them with the dart of justice, does not even deign to watch them go but turns His gaze away from them and once more writes on the ground with His finger. But when the woman was left alone and they had all gone, He lifted up His eyes to the woman. We have already heard the voice of justice; let us now hear the voice of gentleness. I think that the woman was the more terrified when she heard the Lord say, `Let him who is without sin among you be the first to throw a stone at her,' [...] fearing now that she would be punished by Him, in whom no sin could be found. But He, who had driven away her adversaries with the tongue of justice, now looking at her with the eyes of gentleness asks her, `Has no one condemned you?' She replies, `No one, Lord.' And He says, `Neither do I condemn you; I who perhaps you feared would punish you, because in Me you have found no sin.' Lord, can it be that You favor sinners? Assuredly not. See what follows" `Go and sin no more.' Therefore the Lord also condemned sin, but not the woman' (St. Augustine, "In Ioann. Evang.", 33, 5-6).

Jesus, who is the Just One, does not condemn the woman; whereas these people are sinners, yet they pass sentence of death. God's infinite mercy should move us always to have compassion on those who commit sins, because we ourselves are sinners and in need of God's forgiveness.

Source: Daily Word for Reflection—Navarre Bible Commentary

John
	English: Douay-Rheims	Latin: Vulgata Clementina	Greek NT: Byzantine/Majority Text (2000)
	John 8
1.	AND Jesus went unto mount Olivet.	Jesus autem perrexit in montem Oliveti :	ιησους δε επορευθη εις το ορος των ελαιων
2.	And early in the morning he came again into the temple, and all the people came to him, and sitting down he taught them.	et diluculo iterum venit in templum, et omnis populus venit ad eum, et sedens docebat eos.	ορθρου δε παλιν παρεγενετο εις το ιερον και πας ο λαος ηρχετο [προς αυτον] και καθισας εδιδασκεν αυτους
3.	And the scribes and the Pharisees bring unto him a woman taken in adultery: and they set her in the midst,	Adducunt autem scribæ et pharisæi mulierem in adulterio deprehensam : et statuerunt eam in medio,	αγουσιν δε οι γραμματεις και οι φαρισαιοι προς αυτον γυναικα επι μοιχεια κατειλημμενην και στησαντες αυτην εν μεσω
4.	And said to him: Master, this woman was even now taken in adultery.	et dixerunt ei : Magister, hæc mulier modo deprehensa est in adulterio.	λεγουσιν αυτω [πειραζοντες] διδασκαλε ταυτην ευρομεν επ αυτοφωρω μοιχευομενην
5.	Now Moses in the law commanded us to stone such a one. But what sayest thou?	In lege autem Moyses mandavit nobis hujusmodi lapidare. Tu ergo quid dicis ?	εν δε τω νομω ημων μωυσης ενετειλατο τας τοιαυτας λιθοβολεισθαι συ ουν τι λεγεις [περι αυτης]
6.	And this they said tempting him, that they might accuse him. But Jesus bowing himself down, wrote with his finger on the ground.	Hoc autem dicebant tentantes eum, ut possent accusare eum. Jesus autem inclinans se deorsum, digito scribebat in terra.	τουτο δε ελεγον πειραζοντες αυτον ινα εχωσιν κατηγοριαν κατ αυτου ο δε ιησους κατω κυψας τω δακτυλω εγραφεν εις την γην μη προσποιουμενος
7.	When therefore they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said to them: He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her.	Cum ergo perseverarent interrogantes eum, erexit se, et dixit eis : Qui sine peccato est vestrum, primus in illam lapidem mittat.	ως δε επεμενον ερωτωντες αυτον ανακυψας ειπεν προς αυτους ο αναμαρτητος υμων πρωτος επ αυτην τον λιθον βαλετω
8.	And again stooping down, he wrote on the ground.	Et iterum se inclinans, scribebat in terra.	και παλιν κατω κυψας εγραφεν εις την γην
9.	But they hearing this, went out one by one, beginning at the eldest. And Jesus alone remained, and the woman standing in the midst.	Audientes autem unus post unum exibant, incipientes a senioribus : et remansit solus Jesus, et mulier in medio stans.	οι δε ακουσαντες και υπο της συνειδησεως ελεγχομενοι εξηρχοντο εις καθ εις αρξαμενοι απο των πρεσβυτερων [εως των εσχατων] και κατελειφθη μονος ο ιησους και η γυνη εν μεσω ουσα
10.	Then Jesus lifting up himself, said to her: Woman, where are they that accused thee? Hath no man condemned thee?	Erigens autem se Jesus, dixit ei : Mulier, ubi sunt qui te accusabant ? nemo te condemnavit ?	ανακυψας δε ο ιησους και μηδενα θεασαμενος πλην της γυναικος ειπεν αυτη [γυναι] που εισιν εκεινοι οι κατηγοροι σου ουδεις σε κατεκρινεν
11.	Who said: No man, Lord. And Jesus said: Neither will I condemn thee. Go, and now sin no more.	Quæ dixit : Nemo, Domine. Dixit autem Jesus : Nec ego te condemnabo : vade, et jam amplius noli peccare.	η δε ειπεν ουδεις κυριε ειπεν δε [αυτη] ο ιησους ουδε εγω σε κατακρινω πορευου και [απο του νυν] μηκετι αμαρτανε

St. Richard of Chichester − Our Patron Saint

Who Was Saint Richard?

Richard is known by many names, Richard De Wyche, Richard of Droitwich, Richard of Burford, Richard of Backedine, and Richard of Chichester among them. It is the last by which he is more commonly known for he was the Bishop of Chichester in the 13th Century. It is estimated that Richard was born about the year 1197 in Wyche, England (now known as Droitwich), located near Worcester. He was the second son of Richard and alice de Wyche. His father was a land owning squire and he had one older brother and a sister too.

Richard and his siblings were orphaned at an early age. Those entrusted with their care ended up mismanaging their father's estates and squandering what little remained of their fortune. The situation became so bad that when Richard was older, he was forced to give up his studies so that he could help his brother farm his estate and hopefully restore the family's losses. In grateful recognition for Richard's help during this difficult time, his brother offered to turn over all of his lands to him and even arrange for Richard's marriage. Richard humbly refused so that he could continue his studies at Oxford and go on to become a priest. From Oxford, Richard went on to earn degrees in Paris and a doctorate in Bologna.

After completing his studies, Richard returned to England in 1235 where St. Edmund Rich, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln both offered him the opportunity to become their Chancellor. Richard accepted St. Edmund's offer and served Edmund faithful even while Edmund was placed in exile in France for opposing Henry III in a contested battle of the rights of Rome over the sovereignty of the king. He remained with Edmund for five years until his death in 1240, whereupon he studied theology with the Dominicans at Orleans and was ordained a priest in 1243. The Dominicans would always bear a special place in Richard's heart for the education he received and for the shelter they provided him during St. Edmund's exile.

After his ordination, Richard returned to England and resumed his position as Chancellor for Canterbury again. He was shortly thereafter elected Bishop of Chichester and was consecrated a year later for his role by Pope Innocent IV on March 5, 1245. Unfortunately with his appointment, Richard found himself in the same bitter struggle with Henry III, as his friend Edmund. With Henry III holding out on releasing the diocese's revenues and property that were due Richard as Bishop of Chichester, Richard was forced to wander his own diocese relying on the generosity of others and those opposed to the King. Richard worked tirelessly during this time to reform his diocese in spite of not even having access to his own Cathedral! He established greater order and reverence to the liturgy in his diocese. He also made tremendous strides in protecting his clergy from abusive knights and others opposed to the Church.

Richard was vindicated in 1247 when Henry finally released the property and funds to Richard. Richard served faithfully in his role as Bishop and vigorously defended the rights of the Church. He loved the poor and the oppressed and refrained from the finery of his office by wearing a hair shirt, and lamb's wool instead of fur. He sold his gold and silver and gave the proceeds to the poor.

Innocent the IV called upon Richard to preach a crusade against the Saracens, and Richard began the arduous journey along the coast of England preaching the crusade. He was overcome by a fever that would prove fatal, leading to his death when he reached Dover. Surrounded by his closest friends, he died at midnight on April 3, 1253 at about 56 years of age and was buried in Chichester Cathedral. His shrine was once a popular devotion until it was destroyed in 1538 under the order of Henry VIII. His remains were most likely thrown away and whatever items of worth that he was buried with were most certainly seized by the crown.

From Bishop to Saint

Richard was canonized on January 22, 1262, by Pope Urban IV. He is venerated in both the Catholic and Anglican Church with his feast day celebrated April 3. In England, his feast day is especially observed in the dioceses of Westminster, Birmingham, and Southwark. Richard is the patron saint of coachmen, a once common profession before the modern age and the invention of the automobile. He is often depicted either holding a chalice as he is in our church, or with a chalice on its side at his feet. He is also portrayed kneeling with the chalice before him, working a plough, and as a bishop blessing the people with a chalice nearby.

Why the Chalice?

Legend has it that once when Richard was celebrating Mass, he accidentally knocked his chalice, filled with the precious blood of Christ, to the floor, but not a drop was spilled from the chalice. This is why St. Richard is so often portrayed with a chalice either in his hand or somewhere near his person.

Prayer of St. Richard

The following prayer was made immensely popular by the play Godspell where it was put to music in the song entitled, "Day by Day."

Thanks be to thee, our Lord Jesus Christ,
for all the benefits which thou hast given us,
for all the pains and insults which thou hast borne for us.
O most merciful Redeemer, Friend, and Brother,
may we know thee more clearly,
love thee more dearly,
and follow thee more nearly. Amen

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5th Sunday of Lent

Readings at Mass

See, I am doing a new deed, and I will give my chosen people drink

I look on everything as so much rubbish if only I can have Christ

'Let the one among you who has not sinned be the first to throw a stone'

Catena Aurea by St. Thomas Aguinas

John CHAP. 8

St. Richard of Chichester − Our Patron Saint

Who Was Saint Richard?

From Bishop to Saint

Why the Chalice?

Prayer of St. Richard