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From: Ephesians 2:19-22

Reconciliation of Jews and Gentiles in Christ (Continuation)

[19] So then you are no longer strangers and sojourners, but you are fellow citi-
zens with the saints and members of the household of God, [20] built upon the
foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the corner-
stone, [21] in whom the whole structure is joined together and grows into a holy
temple in the Lord; [22] in whom you also are built into it for a dwelling place of
God in the Spirit.

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Commentary:

11-22. What is the significance of the calling of the Gentiles to the Church?
Their previous situation, separated from Christ (vv. 11-12), has undergone radical
change as a result of the Redemption Christ achieved on the Cross: that action
has, on the one hand, brought the two peoples together (made peace between
them: vv. 13-15) and, on the other, it has reconciled them with God, whose ene-
my each was (vv. 16-18). The Redemption has given rise to the Church, which
St Paul here describes as a holy temple built on the foundation of the apostles
and prophets (vv. 19-22).

19. After describing the Redemption wrought by Christ and applied in the Church
by the Holy Spirit, St Paul arrives at this conclusion: the Gentiles are no longer
strangers; they belong to Christ’s Church.

In the new Israel (the Church) privileges based on race, culture or nationality
cease to apply. No baptized person, be he Jew or Greek, slave or free man, can
be regarded as an outsider or stranger in the new people of God. All have proper
citizenship papers. The Apostle explains this by using two images: The Church
is the city of saints, and God’s family or household (cf. 1 Tim 3:15). The two ima-
ges are complementary: everyone has a family, and everyone is a citizen. In the
family context, the members are united by paternal, filial and fraternal links, and
love presides; family life has a special privacy. But as a citizen one is acting in
a public capacity; public affairs and business must be conducted in a manner
that is in keeping with laws designed to ensure that justice is respected. The
Church has some of the characteristics of a family, and some of those of a poli-
ty (cf. St Thomas Aquinas, “Commentary on Eph, ad loc.”).

The head of the Church is Christ himself, and in his Church are assembled the
children of God, who are to live as brothers and sisters, united by love. Grace,
faith, hope, charity and the action of the Holy Spirit are invisible realities which
forge the links bringing together all the members of the Church, which is more-
over something very visible, ruled by the successor of Peter and by the other
bishops (cf. Vatican II, “Lumen Gentium”, 8), and governed by laws — divine
and ecclesiastical — which are to be obeyed.

20-22. To better explain the Church, the Apostle links the image of “the house-
hold of God” to that of God’s temple and “building” (cf. 1 Cor. 3:9). Up to this he
has spoken of the Church mainly as the body of Christ (v. 16). This image and
that of a building are connected: our Lord said, “Destroy this temple and in three
days I will raise it up” (Jn 2:19), and St John goes on to explain that he was
speaking “of the temple of his body” (Jn 2:21). If the physical body of Christ is
the true temple of God because Christ is the Son of God, the Church can also
be seen as God’s true temple, because it is the mystical body of Christ.

The Church is the temple of God. “Jesus Christ is, then, the foundation stone of
the new temple of God. Rejected, discarded, left to one side, and done to death
— then as now — the Father made him and continues to make him the firm immo-
vable basis of the new work of building. This he does through his glorious resur-
rection [...].

“The new temple, Christ’s body, which is spiritual and invisible, is constructed by
each and every baptized person on the living cornerstone, Christ, to the degree
that they adhere to him and ‘grow’ in him towards ‘the fullness of Christ’. In this
temple and by means of it, the ‘dwelling place of God in the Spirit’, he is glorified,
by virtue of the ‘holy priesthood’ which offers spiritual sacrifices (1 Pet 2:5), and
his kingdom is established in the world.

“The apex of the new temple reaches into heaven, while, on earth, Christ, the cor-
nerstone, sustains it by means of the foundation he himself has chosen and laid
down — ‘the apostles and prophets’ (Eph 2:20) and their successors, that is, in
the first place, the college of bishops and the ‘rock’, Peter (Mt 16:18)” (Bl. John
Paul II, “Homily at Orcasitas, Madrid”, 3 November 1981).

Christ Jesus is the stone: this indicates his strength; and he is the cornerstone
because in him the two peoples, Jews and Gentiles, are joined together (cf. St
Thomas Aquinas, “Commentary on Eph, ad loc”.). The Church is founded on
this strong, stable bedrock; this cornerstone is what gives it its solidity. St Au-
gustine expresses his faith in the perennial endurance of the Church in these
words: “The Church will shake if its foundation shakes, but can Christ shake?
As long as Christ does not shake, so shall the Church never weaken until the
end of time” (”Enarrationes in Psalmos”, 103).

Every faithful Christian, every living stone of this temple of God, must stay fixed
on the solid cornerstone of Christ by cooperating in his or her own sanctification.
The Church grows “when Christ is, after a manner, built into the souls of men
and grows in them, and when souls also are built into Christ and grow in him;
so that on this earth of our exile a great temple is daily in course of building, in
which the divine majesty receives due and acceptable worship” (Pius XII, “Me-
diator Dei”, 6).

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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.

From: Luke 6:12-16

The Calling of the Apostles

[12] In these days He (Jesus) went out into the hills to pray; and all night He con-
tinued in prayer to God. [13] And when it was day, He called His disciples, and
chose from them twelve, whom He named Apostles: [14] Simon, whom He named
Peter, and Andrew, his brother, and James and John, and Philip and Bartholomew,
[15] and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who
was called the Zealot, [16] and Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who
became a traitor.

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Commentary:

12-13. The evangelist writes with a certain formality when describing this impor-
tant occasion on which Jesus chooses the Twelve, constituting them as the apo-
stolic college: “The Lord Jesus, having prayed at length to the Father, called to
Himself those whom He willed and appointed twelve to be with Him, whom He
might send to preach the Kingdom of God (cf. Mark 2:13-19; Matthew 10:1-42).
These Apostles (cf. Luke 6:13) He constituted in the form of a college or perma-
nent assembly, at the head of which He placed Peter, chosen from among them
(cf. John 21:15-17). He sent them first of all to the children of Israel and then to
all peoples (cf. Romans 1:16), so that, sharing in His power, they might make
all peoples His disciples and sanctify and govern them (cf. Matthew 28:16-20;
and par.) and thus spread the Church and, administering it under the guidance
of the Lord, shepherd it all days until the end of the world (cf. Matthew 28:20).
They were fully confirmed in this mission on the day of Pentecost (cf. Act 2:1-
26) [...]. Through their preaching the Gospel everywhere (cf. Mark 16:20), and
through its being welcomed and received under the influence of the Holy Spirit
by those who hear it, the Apostles gather together the universal Church, which
the Lord founded upon the Apostles and built upon Blessed Peter their leader,
the chief cornerstone being Christ Jesus Himself (cf. Revelation 21:14; Matthew
16:18; Ephesians 2:20). That divine mission, which was committed by Christ to
the Apostles, is destined to last until the end of the world (cf. Matthew 28:20),
since the Gospel, which they were charged to hand on, is, for the Church, the
principle of all its life for all time. For that very reason the Apostles were careful
to appoint successors in this hierarchically constituted society” (Vatican II, “Lu-
men Gentium”, 19-20).

Before establishing the apostolic college, Jesus spent the whole night in prayer.
He often made special prayer for His Church (Luke 9:18; John 17:1ff), thereby
preparing His Apostles to be its pillars (cf. Galatians 2:9). As His Passion ap-
proaches, He will pray to the Father for Simon Peter, the head of the Church, and
solemnly tell Peter that He has done so: “But I have prayed for you that your faith
may not fail” (Luke 22:32). Following Christ’s example, the Church stipulates that
on many occasions liturgical prayer should be offered for the pastors of the
Church (the Pope, the bishops in general, and priests) asking God to give them
grace to fulfill their ministry faithfully.

Christ is continually teaching us that we need to pray always (Luke 18:1). Here
He shows us by His example that we should pray with special intensity at impor-
tant moments in our lives. “’Pernoctans in oratione Dei. He spent the whole night
in prayer to God.’ So St. Luke tells of our Lord. And you? How often have you
persevered like that? Well, then....” (St. J. Escriva, “The Way”, 104).

On the need for prayer and the qualities our prayer should have, see the notes
on Matthew 6:5-6; 7:7-11; 14:22-23; Mark 1:35; Luke 5:16; 11:1-4; 22:41-42.

12. Since Jesus is God, why does He pray? There were two wills in Christ, one
divine and one human (cf. “St. Pius X Catechism”, 91), and although by virtue of
His divine will He was omnipotent, His human will was not omnipotent. When we
pray, what we do is make our will known to God; therefore Christ, who is like us
in all things but sin (Hebrews 4:15), also had to pray in a human way (cf. “Sum-
ma Theologiae”, III, q. 21, a. 1). Reflecting on Jesus at prayer, St. Ambrose com-
ments: “The Lord prays not to ask things for Himself, but to intercede on my be-
half; for although the Father has put everything into the hands of the Son, still
the Son, in order to behave in accordance with His condition as man, considers
it appropriate to implore the Father for our sake, for He is our Advocate [...]. A
Master of obedience, by His example He instructs us concerning the precepts
of virtue: ‘We have an advocate with the Father’ (1 John 2:1)” (”Expositio Evan-
gelii sec. Lucam, in loc.”).

14-16. Jesus chose for Apostles very ordinary people, most of them poor and un-
educated; apparently only Matthew and the brothers James and John had social
positions of any consequence. But all of them gave up whatever they had, little or
much as it was, and all of them, bar Judas, put their faith in the Lord, overcame
their shortcomings and eventually proved faithful to grace and became saints, ve-
ritable pillars of the Church. We should not feel uneasy when we realize that we
too are low in human qualities; what matters is being faithful to the grace God
gives us.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.