From: Galatians 1:6-12
A Warning
[10] Am I now seeking the favor of men, or of God? Or am I trying to please men?
If I were still pleasing men, I should not be a servant of Christ.
God’s Call
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Commentary:
6-9. The Galatians had suddenly begun to go off course, for no sooner had St
Paul preached to them during his second visit, than enemies of his appeared on
the scene seeking to undermine his authority and had won over the Galatians,
especially on the matter of circumcision.
In view of this, the Apostle clearly and forcefully spells out to the Galatians that
there is only one Gospel, only one way to attain salvation. “These people”, St.
Jerome explains, “wanted to change the Gospel, to twist it; but that is some-
thing they cannot succeed in doing, for this Gospel is such that it cannot be
true if it is tampered with” (”Comm. in Gal”, 1, 7).
The content of Revelation — the deposit of faith — cannot be interfered with. The
Apostles, as their very title implies, were sent to pass on, in all its integrity, what
had been entrusted to them (cf. 1 Cor 11:23). That is why St Paul tells his assis-
tants in the government of the Church, Titus and Timothy, to guard very carefully
the truths he has taught them (cf. 1 Tim 6:20; 2 Tim 1:14; Tit 1:9; 2:1; etc.).
St Paul is extremely insistent on the need to protect the deposit of faith, and he
reacts very forcefully against those who seek to adulterate it, as we can see in
this present text. Any attempt to replace the true Gospel of Jesus Christ with a
different teaching does indeed warrant the severe judgment which the Apostle
here delivers in God’s name. In the same way, “the Church which received the
office of safeguarding the deposit of faith along with the apostolic duty of tea-
ching, likewise possesses the right and duty of proscribing [...] opinions that
are known to be opposed to the doctrine of the faith” (Vatican I, “Dei Filius”,
chap. 4).
There is, then, no “new Christianity” waiting to be discovered. “The Christian eco-
nomy, therefore, since it is the new and definitive covenant, will never pass away;
and no new public revelation is to be expected before the glorious manifestation
of our Lord Jesus Christ” (Vatican II, “Dei Verbum”, 5).
10. One of the accusations directed against St Paul was that, in order to make it
easier for people to become Christians, he tried to win them over by not requiring
Gentiles to undergo circumcision. In fact the Apostle’s only aim was to serve
Christ; for him, as St John Chrysostom put it, “to love Christ was life, the world,
heaven, present well-being, the kingdom, the promise, immeasurable good; out-
side of this he did not concern himself with classifying things as sorrowful or joy-
ful, nor did he regard anything that one might have in this world as disagreeable
or pleasant” (”Second Hom. in Praise of St Paul”).
St Paul can assert that he did not mind if there were people who did not under-
stand him or even rejected his teaching. He had plenty of experience of opposi-
tion to the demands of the Gospel; and this never led him to play down the reali-
ty of the Cross in order to make more acceptable the truth he was proclaiming.
In addition to lack of response from Gentiles, his faithfulness to Christ had also
earned him enmity and persecution from Jews (cf. Acts 13:50).
We can learn a great deal from Paul to help us not to be cowed by “what people
may think”. Although Christian living does sometimes clash with the environment
around us, we should not desist from trying to be faithful to the demands of the
Gospel. “Therefore, when in our own life or in that of others we notice something
that is not going well, something that requires the spiritual and human help which,
as children of God, we can and ought to provide, then a clear sign of prudence is
to apply the appropriate remedy by going to the root of the trouble, resolutely,
lovingly and sincerely. There is no room here for inhibitions, for it is a great mis-
take to think that problems can be solved by inaction or procrastination” (St. J.
Escriva, “Friends of God”, 157).
St Teresa, for her part, writes: “We are trying to attain union with God. We want
to follow the counsels of Christ, on whom were showered insults and false wit-
ness. Are we, then, really so anxious to keep intact our own reputation and cre-
dit? We cannot do so and yet attain to union, for the two ways diverge” (”Life”,
chap. 31). If we are truly to serve God we must be ready to face indifference and
misunderstanding whenever it may arise. “You must indeed have purified your in-
tention well when you said: From this moment on I renounce all human gratitude
and reward” (St. J. Escriva, “The Way”, 789).
11-12. “What shall I do, Lord?” (Acts 22:10), Paul asked at the moment of his
conversion. Jesus replied, ‘Rise, and go into Damascus, and there you will be
told all that is appointed for you to do” (ibid.). The former persecutor, now under
the influence of grace, will receive instruction and Baptism through the ordinary
course of divine Providence — from a man, Ananias. Thereby Jesus led him to
humility, obedience and abandonment. The Gospel which St Paul preached was
identical with that preached by the other Apostles, and already had the character
of “tradition” in the nascent Church (cf. 1 Cor 15:3; Gal 2:2). This is compatible
with Paul’s claim — made in this passage — that his Gospel does not come from
any man but through a revelation from Jesus Christ. Firstly, because on seeing
the risen Christ he was given supernatural light to understand that Jesus was
not only the Messiah but also the Son of God; and also because this first reve-
lation was followed by many others to which he refers in his epistles (cf. 1 Cor
11:23; 13:3-8 and especially 2 Cor 12:1-4).
St Paul’s was a unique case, because normally a person came to know the
Gospel of Christ by receiving it or learning it from those who had seen Christ du-
ring his life on earth and listened to his teachings. This was what happened in
St Luke’s case, for example (cf. Lk 1:2). St Paul still felt the need to go to Jeru-
salem to hear the Apostles’ preaching (cf. below 1:16-18), especially that of St
Peter.
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.
From: Luke 10:25-37
Parable of the Good Samaritan
[30] Jesus replied, “A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and he
fell among robbers, who stripped him and beat him, and departed, leaving him
half dead. [31] Now by chance a priest was going down that road; and when he
saw him he passed by on the other side. [32] So likewise a Levite, when he
came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. [33] But a Samari-
tan, as he journeyed, came to where he was; and when he saw him, he had com-
passion, [34] and went to him and bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine;
then he set him on his own beast and brought him to an inn, and took care of him.
[35] And the next day he took out two denarii and gave them to the innkeeper,
saying, “Take care of him; and whatever more you spend, I will repay you when
I come back.’ [36] Which of these three, do you think, proved neighbour to the
man who fell among the robbers?” [37] He said, “The one who showed mercy on
him.” And Jesus said to him, “Go and do likewise.”
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Commentary:
25-28. Our Lord’s teaching is that the way to attain eternal life is through faithful
fulfillment of the Law of God. The Ten Commandments, which God gave Moses
on Mount Sinai (Exodus 20:1-17), express the natural law in a clear and con-
crete way. It is part of Christian teaching that the natural law exists, that it is a
participation by rational creatures in the Eternal Law and that it is impressed on
the conscience of every man when he is created by God (cf. Leo XIII, “Libertas
Praestantissimum”). Obviously, therefore, the natural law, expressed in the Ten
Commandments, cannot change or become outdated, for it is not dependent on
man’s will or on changing circumstances.
In this passage, Jesus praises and accepts the summary of the Law given by
the Jewish scribe. This reply, taken from Deuteronomy (6:4ff), was a prayer which
the Jews used to say frequently. Our Lord gives the very same reply when He is
asked which is the principal commandment of the Law and concludes His answer
by saying, “On these two commandments depend all the law and the prophets”
(Matthew 22:40; cf. also Romans 13:8-9; Galatians 5:14).
There is a hierarchy and order in these two commandments constituting the dou-
ble precept of charity: before everything and above everything comes loving God
in Himself; in the second place, and as a consequence of the first commandment,
comes loving one’s neighbor, for God explicitly requires us to do so (1 John 4:21;
cf. notes on Matthew 22:34-40 and 22:37-38).
This passage of the Gospel also included another basic doctrine: the Law of God
is not something negative — “Do not do this” — but something completely positive
— love. Holiness, to which all baptized people are called, does not consist in not
sinning, but in loving, in doing positive things, in bearing fruit in the form of love
of God. When our Lord describes for us the Last Judgment He stresses this po-
sitive aspect of the Law of God (Matthew 25:31-46). The reward of eternal life will
be given to those who do good.
27. “Yes, our only occupation here on earth is that of loving God — that is, to
start doing what we will be doing for all eternity. Why must we love God? Well,
because our happiness consists in love of God; it can consist in nothing else.
So, if we do not love God, we will always be unhappy; and if we wish to enjoy a-
ny consolation and relief in our pains, we will attain it only by recourse to love of
God. If you want to be convinced of this, go and find the happiest man according
to the world; if he does not love God, you will find that in fact he is an unhappy
man. And, on the contrary, if you discover the man most unhappy in the eyes of
the world, you will see that because he loves God he is happy in every way. Oh
my God!, open the eyes of our souls, and we will seek our happiness where we
truly can find it” (St. John Mary Vianney, “Selected Sermons”, 22nd Sunday af-
ter Pentecost).
29-37. In this moving parable, which only St. Luke gives us, our Lord explains ve-
ry graphically who our neighbor is and how we should show charity towards him,
even if he is our enemy.
Following other Fathers, St. Augustine (”De Verbis Domini Sermones”, 37) iden-
tifies the Good Samaritan with our Lord, and the waylaid man with Adam, the
source and symbol of all fallen mankind. Moved by compassion and piety, He
comes down to earth to cure man’s wounds, making them His own (Isaiah 53:4;
Matthew 8:17; 1 Peter 2:24; 1 John 3:5). In fact, we often see Jesus being moved
by man’s suffering (cf. Matthew 9:36; Mark 1:41; Luke 7:13). And St. John says:
“In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent His only
Son into the world so that we might live through Him. In this is love, not that we
loved God but that He loved us and sent His Son to be the expiation for our sins.
Beloved, if God so loved us, we also ought to love one another” (1 John 4:9-11).
This parable leaves no doubt about who our neighbor is — anyone (without dis-
tinction of race or relationship) who needs our help; nor about how we should
love him — by taking pity on him, being compassionate towards his spiritual and
corporal needs; and it is not just a matter of having the right feelings towards
him; we must do something, we must generously serve him.
Christians, who are disciples of Christ, should share His love and compassion,
never distancing themselves from others’ needs. One way to express love for
one’s neighbor is perform the “works of mercy”, which get their name from the
fact that they are not duties in justice. There are fourteen such works, seven spi-
ritual and seven corporal. The spiritual are: To convert the sinner; To instruct the
ignorant; To counsel the doubtful; To comfort the sorrowful; To bear wrongs pa-
tiently; To forgive injuries; To pray for the living and the dead. The corporal works
are: To feed the hungry; To give drink to the thirsty; To clothe the naked; To shel-
ter the homeless; To visit the sick; To visit the imprisoned; To bury the dead.
31-32. Very probably one reason why our Lord used this parable was to correct
one of the excesses of false piety common among His contemporaries. Accor-
ding to the Law of Moses, contact with dead bodies involved legal impurity, from
which one was cleansed by various ablutions (cf. Numbers 19:11-22; Leviticus
21:1-4, 11-12). These regulations were not meant to prevent people from helping
the injured; they were designed for reasons of hygiene and respect for the dead.
The aberration of the priest and the Levite in this parable consisted in this: they
did not know for sure whether the man who had been assaulted was dead or not,
and they preferred to apply a wrong interpretation of a secondary, ritualistic pre-
cept of the Law rather than obey the more important commandment of loving
one’s neighbor and giving him whatever help one can.
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.