From: Revelation 22:12-14, 16-17, 20
The Visions Come to an End
[14] Blessed are those who wash their robes, that they may have the right to the
tree of life and that they may enter the city by the gates.
[16] “I Jesus have sent my angel to you with this testimony for the churches. I
am the root and the offspring of David, the bright morning star.”
Prayer of the Spirit and the Bride. Words of Warning and Farewell
[20] He who testifies to these things says, “Surely I am coming soon.” Amen.
Come, Lord Jesus!
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Commentary:
10-15. Unlike other revelations (cf. Rev 10:4; Dan 8:26), God makes it plain that
he wants everyone to know the things St John has just written; Christians nee-
ded to be consoled and strengthened in the trials that lay ahead. They must
keep pressing on, for the end is near (v. 11); these words are somewhat ironic,
ridiculing as they do those who are bent on continuing to live a depraved life, un-
willing to admit their sin and unwilling to mend their ways in time. The passage
makes it quite clear that there will be a judgment made by Christ when he comes
again; when he exercises this judicial authority which belongs to God alone, he
appears with divine attributes (cf. note on Rev 1:8). The message contained in
these verses should be reassuring for the Christian. As St Teresa of Avila says,
“May His Majesty be pleased to grant us to experience this before he takes us
from this life, for it will be a great thing at the hour of death to realize that we
shall be judged by One whom we have loved above all things. Once our debts
have been paid we shall be able to walk in safety. We shall not be going into a
foreign land, but into our own country, for it belongs to him whom we have loved
so truly and who himself loves us” (Way of Perfection, 40).
The robes washed in the blood of the Lamb (cf. note on Rev 7:14) are a reference
to the fact that the righteous have been cleansed by having applied to them the
merits of the passion, death and resurrection of Christ.
16. In a formal, solemn manner Jesus Christ addresses believers and confirms
the genuineness of the prophetic content of the book. This marks the start of the
epilogue, which records the testimony of the Church (v. 17) and the writer (vv. 18-
19) and once again, before the words of farewell, Christ’s own confirmation (v. 20).
The titles applied to Jesus focus on his Hebrew and Davidic ancestry, without
which he could not be the Messiah. Instead of the word “root”, other passages
speak of his being a young, vigorous shoot which grows out of the ancient trunk
of Jesse (cf. Is 11:1). The morning star is another metaphor designating the Mes-
siah (cf. Num 24:17).
17. The Bride is the Church who, in reply to Christ’s promise (cf. 22:12), ardently
desires and prays for his coming. The prayer of the Church is inspired by the Ho-
ly Spirit, the voices of both Church and Spirit fusing in a single cry . Every Chris-
tian is invited to join in this prayer and discover in the Church the gift of the Spirit,
symbolized by the water of life (cf. 21:6); this gift allows the Christian to taste in
anticipation the good things of the Kingdom. The language of this verse reminds
us of the liturgical dimension of the Church with its prayer and celebration of the
sacraments.
20. Christ himself replies to the supplication of the Church and the Spirit: “I am
coming soon.” This idea occurs seven times in the course of the book (cf. 2:16;
3:11; 16:15; 22:7, 12, 17, 20), showing that this is a promise which will certain-
ly be kept. On the basis of this passage, John Paul II makes this exhortation:
“Therefore, let Christ be your sure point of reference, let him be the basis of a
confidence which knows no vacillation. Let the passionate invocation of the
Church, “Come, Lord Jesus!” become the spontaneous sigh of your heart, a
heart never content with the present because it always tends towards the ‘not
yet’ of promised fulfillment” (Homily, 18 May 1980).
This invocation—”Come, Lord Jesus”—was so often on the lips and in the hearts
of the first Christians that it was even expressed in Aramaic, the language which
Jesus and the Apostles spoke: “Marana-tha” (cf. 1 Cor 16:22; Didache, 10, 6).
Today, translated into the vernacular, it is used as an acclamation at Mass, af-
ter the elevation. And so “the earthly liturgy harmonizes with that of heaven. And
now, as in every Mass, there reaches our heart, which is so much in need of con-
solation, that reassuring reply: “He who testifies to these things says, ‘Surely I
am coming soon [...].’
“Strengthened by this certainty, let us set out again along the ways of the earth,
feeling greater unity and solidarity with one another, and at the same time bea-
ring in our heart the desire that has become more eager to make known to our
brothers and sisters, still enveloped by the clouds of doubt and depression, the
‘joyful proclamation’ that there has risen over the horizon of their lives ‘the bright
morning star’ (Rev 22:16), the Redeemer of man, Christ the Lord” (St John Paul
II, Homily, 18 May 1980).
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.
From: John 17:20-26
The Priestly Prayer of Jesus (Continuation)
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Commentary:
20-23. Since it is Christ who is praying for the Church His prayer is infallibly effec-
tive, and therefore there will always be only one true Church of Jesus Christ. Uni-
ty is therefore an essential property of the Church. “We believe that the Church
founded by Jesus Christ and for which He prayed is indefectibly one in faith, in
worship and in the bond of hierarchical communion” (Paul VI, “Credo of the Peo-
ple of God”, 21). Moreover, Christ’s prayer also indicates what the basis of the
Church’s unity will be and what effects will follow from it.
The source from which the unity of the Church flows is the intimate unity of the
Three Divine Persons among whom there is mutual love and self-giving. “The
Lord Jesus, when praying to the Father ‘that they may all be one...even as we are
one’ (John 17:21-22), has opened up new horizons closed to human reason by im-
plying that there is a certain parallel between the union existing among the Divine
Persons and the union of the sons of God in truth and love. It follows, then, that if
man is the only creature on earth that God has wanted for its own sake, man can
fully discover his true self only in a sincere giving of himself” (Vatican II, “Gau-
dium Et Spes”, 24). The unity of the Church is also grounded on the union of the
faithful with Jesus Christ and through Him with the Father (verse 23). Thus, the
fullness of unity — “consummati in unum” — is attained through the supernatural
grace which comes to us from Christ (cf. John 15:5).
The fruits of the unity of the Church are, on the one hand, the world believing in
Christ and in His divine mission (verses 21, 23); and, on the other hand, Chris-
tians themselves and all men recognizing God’s special love for His faithful, a
love which is a reflection of the love of the Three Divine Persons for each other.
And so, Jesus’ prayer embraces all mankind, for all are invited to be friends of
God (cf. 1 Timothy 2:4). “Thou hast loved them even as Thou hast loved Me”: this,
according to St. Thomas Aquinas, “does not mean strict equality of love but simi-
larity and like-motivation. It is as if He were saying: the love with which You have
loved Me is the reason and the cause of Your loving them, for, precisely because
You love men do You love those who love Me” (”Commentary on St. John, in
loc.”). Besides noting this theological explanation, we should also ponder on how
expressively Christ describes His ardent love for men. The entire discourse of the
Last Supper gives us a glimpse of the depth of Jesus’ feelings — which infinitely
exceeds anything we are capable of experiencing. Once again all we can do is
bow down before the mystery of God-made-man.
20. Christ prays for the Church, for all those who, over the course of centuries,
will believe in Him through the preaching of the Apostles. “That divine mission,
which was committed by Christ to the Apostles, is destined to last until the end
of the world (cf. Matthew 28:20), since the Gospel, which they were charged to
hand on, is, for the Church, the principle of all its life for all time. For that very
reason the Apostles were careful to appoint successors in this hierarchically
constituted society” (Vatican II, “Lumen Gentium”, 20).
The apostolic origin and basis of the Church is what is termed its “apostolicity”,
a special characteristic of the Church which we confess in the Creed. Apostoli-
city consists in the Pope and the Bishops being successors of Peter and the
Apostles, holding the authority of the Apostles and proclaiming the same tea-
ching as they did. “The sacred synod taught that the bishops have by divine in-
stitution taken the place of the Apostles as pastors of the Church, in such wise
that whoever listens to them is listening to Christ and whoever despises them
despises Christ and Him who sent Christ (cf. Luke 10:15)” (Vatican II, “Lumen
Gentium”, 20).
21. Union of Christians with Christ begets unity among themselves. This unity
of the Church ultimately redounds to the benefit of all mankind, because since
the Church is one and unique, she is seen as a sign raised up for the nations to
see, inviting all to believe in Christ as sent by God come to save all men. The
Church carries on this mission of salvation through its union with Christ, calling
all mankind to join the Church and by so doing to share in union with Christ and
the Father.
The Second Vatican Council, speaking of the principles of ecumenism, links the
Church’s unity with her universality: “Almost everyone, though in different ways,
longs for the one visible Church of God, a Church truly universal and sent forth to
the whole world that the world may be converted to the Gospel and so be saved,
to the glory of God” (”Unitatis Redintegratio”, 1). This universality is another cha-
racteristic of the Church, technically described as “catholicity”. “For many centu-
ries now the Church has been spread throughout the world, and it numbers per-
sons of all races and walks of life. But the universality of the Church does not de-
pend on its geographical distribution, even though this is a visible sign and of mo-
tive of credibility. The Church was catholic already at Pentecost: it was born ca-
tholic from the wounded heart of Jesus, as a fire which the Holy Spirit enkindled.
“In the second century the Christians called the Church catholic in order to distin-
guish it from sects, which, using the name of Christ, were betraying His doctrine
in one way or another. ‘We call it catholic’, writes St. Cyril, ‘not only because it
is spread throughout the world, from one extreme to the other, but because in a
universal way and without defect it teaches all the dogmas which men ought to
know, of both the visible and the invisible, the celestial and the earthly. Likewise
because it draws to true worship all types of men, governors and citizens, the
learned and the ignorant. And finally, because it cures and heals all kinds of sins,
whether of the soul or of the body, possessing in addition —by whatever name it
may be called — all the forms of virtue, in deeds and in words and in every kind of
spiritual life’ (”Catechesis”, 18, 23)” (St. J. Escriva, “In Love with the Church”, 9).
Every Christian should have the same desire for this unity as Jesus Christ expres-
ses in His prayer to the Father. “A privileged instrument for participation in pursuit
of the unity of all Christians is prayer. Jesus Christ Himself left us His final wish
for unity through prayer to the Father: ‘that they also may be in us, so that the
world may believe that Thou hast sent Me’ (John 17:21).
“Also the Second Vatican Council strongly recommended to us prayer for the uni-
ty of Christians, defining it ‘the soul of the whole ecumenical movement’ (”Unitatis
Redintegratio”, 8). As the soul to the body, so prayer gives life, consistency, spi-
rit, and finality to the ecumenical movement.
“Prayer puts us, first and foremost, before the Lord, purifies us in intentions, in
sentiments, in our heart, and produces that ‘interior conversion’, without which
there is no real ecumenism (cf. “Unitatis Redintegratio”, 7).
“Prayer, furthermore, reminds us that unity, ultimately, is a gift from God, a gift
for which we must ask and for which we must prepare in order that we may be
granted it” (John Paul II, “General Audience”, 17 January 1979).
22-23. Jesus possess glory, a manifestation of divinity, because He is God, e-
qual to the Father (cf. note on John 17:1-5). When He says that He is giving His
disciples this glory, He is indicating that through grace He makes us partakers
of the divine nature (2 Peter 1:4). Glory and justification by grace are very closely
united, as we can see from Sacred Scripture: “Those whom He predestined He
also called, and those whom He called He also justified, and those whom He jus-
tified He also glorified” (Romans 8:30). The change grace works in Christians
makes us ever more like Christ, who is the likeness of the Father (cf. 2 Corinthi-
ans 4:4; Hebrews 1:2-3): by communicating His glory Christ joins the faithful to
God by giving them a share in supernatural life, which is the source of the holi-
ness of Christians and of the Church: “Now we can understand better how [...]
one of the principal aspects of her holiness is that unity centered on the myste-
ry of the one and triune God. ‘There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were
called to the one hope that belongs to your call, one Lord, one faith, one baptism;
one God and Father of us all, who is above all and through all and in all’ (Ephe-
sians 4:4-6)” (St. J. Escriva, “In Love with the Church”, 5).
24. Jesus concludes His prayer by asking that all Christians attain the blessed-
ness of Heaven. The word He uses, “I desire”, not “I pray”, indicates that He is
asking for the most important thing of all, for what His Father wants — that all
may be saved and come to a knowledge of the truth (cf. 1 Timothy 2:4): which
is essentially the mission of the Church—the salvation of souls.
As long as we are on earth we share in God’s life through knowledge (faith) and
love (charity); but only in Heaven will we attain the fullness of this supernatural
life, when we see God as He is (cf. 1 John 3:2), face to face (cf. 1 Corinthians
13:9-12). Therefore, the Church has her sights fixed on eternity, she is eschato-
logical: that is, by having in this world all the resources necessary for teaching
God’s truth, for rendering Him true worship and communicating the life of grace,
she keeps alive people’s hope of attaining the fullness of eternal life: “The Church,
to which we are all called in Christ Jesus, and in which by the grace of God we
acquire holiness, will receive its perfection only in the glory of Heaven, when will
come the time of the renewal of all things (Acts 3:21). At that time, together with
the human race, the universe itself, which is so closely related to man and which
attains its destiny through him, will be perfectly reestablished in Christ (cf. Ephe-
sians 1:10; Colossians 1:20; 2 Peter 3:10-13)” (Vatican II, “Lumen Gentium”,
48).
25-26. God’s revelation of Himself through Christ causes us to begin to share in
the divine life, a sharing which will reach its climax in Heaven: “God alone can
give us right and full knowledge of this reality by revealing Himself as Father, Son
and Holy Spirit, in whose eternal life we are by grace called to share, here below
in the obscurity of faith and after death in eternal light” (Paul VI, “Credo of the
People of God”).
Christ has revealed to us all we need to know in order to participate in the mutual
love of the Divine Persons—primarily, the mystery of who He is and what His mis-
sion is and, with that, the mystery of God Himself (”I made known to them Thy
name”), thus fulfilling what He had announced: “No one knows the Father except
the Son and any one to whom the Son chooses to reveal Him” (Matthew 11:27).
Christ continues to make known His Father’s love, by means of the Church, in
which He is always present: “I am with you always, to the close of the age” (Mat-
thew 28:20).
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.