It took a century and a half for the "educated" Romanists to slink off, tails between their legs, and quietly remove his book from the Index.
By then, of course, they were nothing more than a laughing stock. It took 3½ centuries for the highly "educated" Church of Rome to [sort of] apologize. Unfortunately, during all of those three hundred and fifty years, the "fool" was correct and the highly "educated" clerics of the Vatican, who believed mumbojumbo was a substitute for mathematics, science, and reason were ... completely, utterly, and, dare I say infallibly ... WRONG.
If Galileo was a "fool" what does that make the Magisterium?
But the “clerics” were following the conclusions of the established science of the day, which was the ancient Greek science. Galileo could not, given the evidence available to him at the time of his trial, persuade educated men to abandon the ancient cosmology. You seem to be attributing to Galileo knowledge of theories later to be developed by the likes of men like Newton and Leibnitz. He and Kepler had indeed strongly contested the Ptolemaic model, even though it went against “commonsense.” Simple questions, such as why a earth spinning could go noticed by us? Galileo could not answer this. The atmosphere certainly does not behave as if the earth were moving at 1000 mph. It took something like Newton’s theory of gravitation to make this plausible. This went far beyond Galileo’s research. Galileo set his own hypotheses against the accumulated knowledge of the scholars of Europe —and guess what? He lost. Not only that, he tried to interpret the Bible to fit his theory. But the Bible was on the side of common sense, and he was not.