In the East, the basic distinction is between Bright and Dark vestments. The newly ordained (whether to the priesthood, the diaconate, or even the subdiaconate) will typically acquire a set of Gold (bright) vestments and a set of Purple (dark) vestments, the latter used principally during Great Lent, then gradually add colors for finer distinctions, usually in the order given below:
Red for feasts of Martyrs and Apostles, Palm Sunday, Great Thursday and feasts of the Cross falling outside Great Lent, but also for the Nativity Fast.
White for Paschatide. (Gold is used for other joyous feasts of the Lord.)
Green for Pentecost and the season following (shorter than “ordinary time” in the West).
Blue for feasts of the Theotokos, the Dormition Fast and when the Akathist Hymn to the Theotokos is served on Fridays during Great Lent.
And lastly, Black for the Great and Holy Week, excepting Great Thursday, and funerals. (Many priests who have served for many years never get around to getting a set of black vestments, using Purple instead for the occasions when Black would be appropriate).
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