[HarleyD]

It didn't just emerged after the apostles. It is in the scriptures and was the teaching of the church. The church doesn't "replace" Israel. Rather the church IS Israel. Justin Martyr simply happened to be the first to write about what everyone knew was the teaching of scripture and of the church.

We are saved by grace through faith just like our father Abraham. We will dine with our father Abraham. We were aliens from God's chosen nation but now we are made part of that chosen nation through Christ. As Paul writes:

Eph 2:12-13 That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world: But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ.

Our nation is not here.

[.45 Long Colt]

Indeed. We’ve been grafted in.

[af_vet_1981]

The church doesn't "replace" Israel. Rather the church IS Israel.

Not quite; the Church is the Church, and Israel is Israel, until the end when all Israel shall be saved. The Israel of God are the foundation of the Church, those Jews (apostles, prophets, and disciples) who were redeemed by the LORD and believed in the Messiah, the Holy One of Israel. But if one really feels strongly he is Israel he can always take the slings and arrows directed against actual Israel. It's too late to go back to the 1930s but there are millions of moslems in the world waiting to kill you. There is an adversary intent on annihilating Israel and thwarting God's divine mercy.

[CynicalBear]

Eph 2:12-13 That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world: But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ.

If that is the verse you think shows that the “church” has replaced Israel better try again. The “church” is “made nigh” to God through the blood of Christ but in no way does that verse show that it has replaced Israel in the “covenant of promise” made to Israel.

The “church” has not replace Israel and never will.