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From: 1 John 3:22-4:6

We are Children of God (Continuation)

[22] And we receive from him whatever we ask, because we keep his command-
ments and do what pleases him. [23] And this is his commandment, that we
should believe in the name of his Son Jesus Christ and love one another, just as
he has commanded us. [24] All who keep his commandments abide in him, and
he in them. And by this we know that he abides in us, by the Spirit which he has
given us.

Faith in Christ, Not Antichrist

[1] Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they
are of God; for many false prophets have gone out into the world. [2] By this you
know the Spirit of God: every spirit which confesses that Jesus Christ has come
in the flesh is of God, [3] and every spirit which does not confess Jesus is not of
God. This is the spirit of anti-christ, of which you heard that it was coming, and
now it is in the world already. [4] Little children, you are of God, and have over-
come them; for he who is in you is greater than he who is in the world. [5] They
are of the world, therefore what they say is of the world, and the world listens to
them. [6] We are of God. Whoever knows God listens to us, and he who is not
of God does not listen to us. By this we know the spirit of truth and the spirit of
error.

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Commentary:

1-24. This entire chapter shows how moved the Apostle is when he contemplates
the marvelous gift of divine filiation. The Holy Spirit, who is the author of all Sa-
cred Scripture, has desired John to pass on to us this unique revelation: we are
children of God (v. 1).

It is not easy to divide the chapter into sections, because the style is very cyclic
and colloquial and includes many repetitions and further thoughts which make
for great vividness and freshness. However, we can distinguish an opening pro-
clamation of the central message (vv. 1-2) and emphasis on two requirements of
divine filiation — rejection of sin in any shape or form (vv. 3-10), and brotherly love
lived to the full (vv. 11-24).

19-22. The Apostle reassures us: God knows everything; not only does he know
our sins and our frailties, he also knows our repentance and our good desires,
and he understands and forgives us (St Peter, on the Lake of Tiberias, made the
same confession to Jesus: “Lord, you know everything, you know that I love you”:
Jn 21:17).

St John’s teaching on divine mercy is very clear: if our conscience tells us we
have done wrong, we can seek forgiveness and strengthen our hope in God; if
our conscience does not accuse us, our confidence in God is ardent and bold,
like that of a child who has loving experience of his Father’s tenderness. The love
of God is mightier than our sins, Pope John Paul II reminds us: “When we realize
that God’s love for us does not cease in the face of our sin or recoil before our of-
fenses, but becomes even more attentive and generous; when we realize that this
love went so far as to cause the Passion and Death of the Word made flesh who
consented to redeem us at the price of his own blood, then we exclaim in grati-
tude: ‘Yes, the Lord is rich in mercy’, and even: ‘The Lord is mercy”’ (”Reconcilia-
tio Et Paenitentia”, 22).

This confidence in God makes for confidence in prayer: “If you abide in me, and
my words abide in you, ask whatever you will, and it shall be done for you” (Jn
15:7; cf. 14:13f; 16:23, 26-27).

23-24. The commandments of God are summed up here in terms of love for Je-
sus and love for the brethren. “We cannot rightly love one another unless we be-
lieve in Christ; nor can we truly believe in the name of Jesus Christ without bro-
therly love” (St Bede, “In I Epist. S. Ioannis, ad loc.”). Faith and love cannot be
separated (cf. Gal 5:6); our Lord himself told us what would mark his disciples
out — their love for one another (Jn 13:34-35).

Keeping the commandments confirms to the Christian that he is abiding in God:
“If you keep my commandments, you will abide in my love” (Jn 15:10). Moreover,
it ensures that God abides in his soul, by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit: “If you
love me you will keep my commandments. And I will pray the Father, and he will
give you another Counselor, to be with you for ever” (Jn 14:15-16).

“May God be your house and you God’s; dwell in God that God may dwell in you.
God dwells in you to support you; you dwell in God in order not to fall. Keep the
commandments, have charity” (”In I Epist. S. loannis, ad loc.”).

1-6. In the third part of the letter (4:1-5:12), the sacred writer expands further on
the two things which sum up God’s commandments (3:23) — faith in Jesus (4:1-
6; 5:1-12) and brotherly love (4:7-21).

He begins by giving criteria for recognizing the true spirit of God and for identi-
fying false teachers (4:1-6), clearly echoing what he said in the second chapter
(cf. 2:18-29). There the heretics were called “antichrists”, here “false prophets”.
There he underlined the indwelling of the Blessed Trinity in believers (”you will
abide in the Son and in the Father”: 2:24), the anointing “abides in you” (2:27);
here he emphasizes rather the fact of belonging to God or not. This idea is de-
veloped in three points: 1) he who confesses Jesus Christ “is of God”; 2) he
who does not confess him “is not of God” (vv. 2-3); you “are of God”, they “are
of the world” (vv. 4-5); 3) we (he must surely mean the Apostles) “are of God”,
and therefore apostolic teaching merits attention and must be listened to (v. 6).

“Being of God”, in St John’s language, does not refer to originating from God, be-
cause in fact everyone, good and bad, faithful or not, comes from God. It means,
rather, belonging to a group (”to my sheep”: Jn 10:26) and it also means a mode
of existence: “he who is from the earth ..of the earth speaks” (Jn 3:31); “you are
from below, I am from above” (Jn 8:23); “Everyone who is of the truth hears my
voice” (Jn 18:37). Faith, therefore, is not a superficial thing, something that af-
fects us on the outside only: it actually changes a person’s inner life; belonging
to the community of the children of God involves a new way of being, which can
be seen from the fact that we live in accordance with the faith we profess.

2-3. “Every spirit which confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh ...”:
according to this translation (which fits certain Greek manuscripts) the Apostle
would be emphasizing the fact that the Incarnation really happened, as if the
false prophets opposed to the faith were saying that Christ’s human nature was
not real but only apparent (that was the position of the Docetists).

In the context, the alternate reading — “every spirit which confesses Jesus Christ
come in the flesh” — may fit in better, since St John often insists that the Chris-
tian’s faith centers on the person of Jesus Christ, who, being God, became man
(cf. 2:22; 4:15; 5:1-5). By emphasizing this he is taking issue with the Gnostics
particularly, who were saying that Jesus was the Son of God only from his Bap-
tism onwards (cf. note on 1 Jn 5:6).

On the antichrist, see the note on 2:18.

4. St John repeats his conviction that Christians are assured of victory in their
battle against the evil one (cf. 2:13; 5:4, 18). But what makes them victorious is
the power of Christ working in them; so, while bolstering their faith he is also cal-
ling on them to be humble: “Do not become proud; recognize who has conquered
in you. Why did you win? ‘Because he who is in you is more powerful than he
who is in the world.’ Be humble; carry your Lord; be a little donkey for your rider.
It is in your best interest to have him guide and direct you; because if you do not
have him as your rider, you will be inclined to toss your head and kick out; but
woe to you if you have no guide! That freedom would mean your ending up as
prey for wild beasts” (St Augustine, “In Epist. Ioann. ad Parthos”, 7, 2).

6. “Whoever knows God listens to us”: as elsewhere in the letter, there is a
change from “you” to “we” (cf. 2:18, 28; 3:13-14). One could argue that the Apos-
tle is simply including himself in the Christian community as a whole, as if to say
“Whoever knows God listens to the Christians.” However, the obvious interpreta-
tion is that the “us” refers to those in authority in the Church, bringing it perfectly
into line with what Jesus says: “He who hears you hears me” (Lk 10:16). Obe-
dience to the living Magisterium of the Church is, therefore, the rule for distingui-
shing the spirit of truth from the spirit of error. It could not be otherwise, for it is
the Holy Spirit himself who guides the Church in its teaching and leads the faith-
ful to accept that teaching: “the assent of the Church can never be lacking to
such definitions [of the Supreme Magisterium] on account of the same Holy Spi-
rit’s influence, through which Christ’s whole flock is maintained in the unity of the
faith and makes progress in it” (Vatican II, “Lumen Gentium”, 25).

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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States

Matthew
	English: Douay-Rheims	Latin: Vulgata Clementina	Greek NT: Byzantine/Majority Text (2000)
	Matthew 4
12.	And when Jesus had heard that John was delivered up, he retired into Galilee:	Cum autem audisset Jesus quod Joannes traditus esset, secessit in Galilæam :	ακουσας δε ο ιησους οτι ιωαννης παρεδοθη ανεχωρησεν εις την γαλιλαιαν
13.	And leaving the city Nazareth, he came and dwelt in Capharnaum on the sea coast, in the borders of Zabulon and Nephthalim;	et, relicta civitate Nazareth, venit, et habitavit in Capharnaum maritima, in finibus Zabulon et Nephthalim :	και καταλιπων την ναζαρετ ελθων κατωκησεν εις καπερναουμ την παραθαλασσιαν εν οριοις ζαβουλων και νεφθαλειμ
14.	That it might be fulfilled which was said by Isaias the prophet:	ut adimpleretur quod dictum est per Isaiam prophetam :	ινα πληρωθη το ρηθεν δια ησαιου του προφητου λεγοντος
15.	Land of Zabulon and land of Nephthalim, the way of the sea beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles:	Terra Zabulon, et terra Nephthalim, via maris trans Jordanem, Galilæa gentium :	γη ζαβουλων και γη νεφθαλειμ οδον θαλασσης περαν του ιορδανου γαλιλαια των εθνων
16.	The people that sat in darkness, hath seen great light: and to them that sat in the region of the shadow of death, light is sprung up.	populus, qui sedebat in tenebris, vidit lucem magnam : et sedentibus in regione umbræ mortis, lux orta est eis.	ο λαος ο καθημενος εν σκοτει ειδεν φως μεγα και τοις καθημενοις εν χωρα και σκια θανατου φως ανετειλεν αυτοις
17.	From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say: Do penance, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.	Exinde cœpit Jesus prædicare, et dicere : Pœnitentiam agite : appropinquavit enim regnum cælorum.	απο τοτε ηρξατο ο ιησους κηρυσσειν και λεγειν μετανοειτε ηγγικεν γαρ η βασιλεια των ουρανων
[...]
23.	And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom: and healing all manner of sickness and every infirmity, among the people.	Et circuibat Jesus totam Galilæam, docens in synagogis eorum, et prædicans Evangelium regni : et sanans omnem languorem, et omnem infirmitatem in populo.	και περιηγεν ολην την γαλιλαιαν ο ιησους διδασκων εν ταις συναγωγαις αυτων και κηρυσσων το ευαγγελιον της βασιλειας και θεραπευων πασαν νοσον και πασαν μαλακιαν εν τω λαω
24.	And his fame went throughout all Syria, and they presented to him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments, and such as were possessed by devils, and lunatics, and those that had palsy, and he cured them:	Et abiit opinio ejus in totam Syriam, et obtulerunt ei omnes male habentes, variis languoribus, et tormentis comprehensos, et qui dæmonia habebant, et lunaticos, et paralyticos, et curavit eos :	και απηλθεν η ακοη αυτου εις ολην την συριαν και προσηνεγκαν αυτω παντας τους κακως εχοντας ποικιλαις νοσοις και βασανοις συνεχομενους και δαιμονιζομενους και σεληνιαζομενους και παραλυτικους και εθεραπευσεν αυτους
25.	And much people followed him from Galilee, and from Decapolis, and from Jerusalem, and from Judea, and from beyond the Jordan.	et secutæ sunt eum turbæ multæ de Galilæa, et Decapoli, et de Jerosolymis, et de Judæa, et de trans Jordanem.	και ηκολουθησαν αυτω οχλοι πολλοι απο της γαλιλαιας και δεκαπολεως και ιεροσολυμων και ιουδαιας και περαν του ιορδανου