From: Matthew 20:1-16
The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
1-16. This parable is addressed to the Jewish people, whom God called
at an early hour, centuries ago. Now the Gentiles are also being called
— with an equal right to form part of the new people of God, the Church.
In both cases it is a matter of a gratuitous, unmerited, invitation; there-
fore, those who were the “first” to receive the call have no grounds for
complaining when God calls the “last” and gives them the same reward
— membership of His people. At first sight the laborers of the first hour
seem to have a genuine grievance—because they do not realize that to
have a job in the Lord’s vineyard is a divine gift. Jesus leaves us in no
doubt that although He calls us to follow different ways, all receive the
same reward—Heaven.
2. “Denarius”: a silver coin bearing an image of Caesar Augustus
(Matthew 22:19-21).
3. The Jewish method of calculating time was different from ours. They
divided the whole day into eight parts, four night parts (called “watches”)
and four day parts (called “hours”)—the first, third, sixth and ninth hour.
The first hour began at sunrise and ended around nine o’clock; the third
ran to twelve noon; the sixth to three in the afternoon; and the ninth from
three to sunset. This meant that the first and ninth hours varied in
length,
decreasing in autumn and winter and increasing in spring and summer
and the reverse happening with the first and fourth watches.
Sometimes intermediate hours were counted—as for example in verse 6
which refers to the eleventh hour, the short period just before sunset,
the end of the working day.
16. The Vulgate, other translations and a good many Greek codexes
add: “For many are called, but few are chosen” (cf. Matthew 22:14).
*********************************************************************************************
Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.
First reading |
Judges 9:6-15 © |
All the leading men of Shechem and all Beth-millo gathered, and proclaimed Abimelech king by the terebinth of the pillar at Shechem.
News of this was brought to Jotham. He came and stood on the top of Mount Gerizim and shouted aloud for them to hear:
‘Hear me, leaders of Shechem,
that God may also hear you!
‘One day the trees went out
to anoint a king to rule over them.
They said to the olive tree, “Be our king!”
‘The olive tree answered them,
“Must I forego my oil
which gives honour to gods and men,
to stand swaying above the trees?”
‘Then the trees said to the fig tree,
“Come now, you be our king!”
‘The fig tree answered them,
“Must I forego my sweetness,
forego my excellent fruit,
to stand swaying above the trees?”
‘Then the trees said to the vine,
“Come now, you be our king!”
‘The vine answered them,
“Must I forego my wine
which cheers the heart of gods and men,
to stand swaying above the trees?”
‘Then all the trees said to the thorn bush,
“Come now, you be our king!”
‘And the thorn bush answered the trees,
“If in all good faith you anoint me king to reign over you,
then come and shelter in my shade.
If not, fire will come from the thorn bush
and devour the cedars of Lebanon.”’
Psalm |
Psalm 20:2-7 © |
O Lord, your strength gives joy to the king.
O Lord, your strength gives joy to the king;
how your saving help makes him glad!
You have granted him his heart’s desire;
you have not refused the prayer of his lips.
O Lord, your strength gives joy to the king.
You came to meet him with the blessings of success,
you have set on his head a crown of pure gold.
He asked you for life and this you have given,
days that will last from age to age.
O Lord, your strength gives joy to the king.
Your saving help has given him glory.
You have laid upon him majesty and splendour,
you have granted your blessings to him forever.
You have made him rejoice with the joy of your presence.
O Lord, your strength gives joy to the king.
Gospel Acclamation |
Ps118:135 |
Alleluia, alleluia!
Let your face shine on your servant,
and teach me your decrees.
Alleluia!
Or |
Heb4:12 |
Alleluia, alleluia!
The word of God is something alive and active:
it can judge secret emotions and thoughts.
Alleluia!
Gospel |
Matthew 20:1-16 © |
Jesus said to his disciples, ‘The kingdom of heaven is like a landowner going out at daybreak to hire workers for his vineyard. He made an agreement with the workers for one denarius a day, and sent them to his vineyard. Going out at about the third hour he saw others standing idle in the market place and said to them, “You go to my vineyard too and I will give you a fair wage.” So they went. At about the sixth hour and again at about the ninth hour, he went out and did the same. Then at about the eleventh hour he went out and found more men standing round, and he said to them, “Why have you been standing here idle all day?” “Because no one has hired us” they answered. He said to them, “You go into my vineyard too.” In the evening, the owner of the vineyard said to his bailiff, “Call the workers and pay them their wages, starting with the last arrivals and ending with the first.” So those who were hired at about the eleventh hour came forward and received one denarius each. When the first came, they expected to get more, but they too received one denarius each. They took it, but grumbled at the landowner. “The men who came last” they said “have done only one hour, and you have treated them the same as us, though we have done a heavy day’s work in all the heat.” He answered one of them and said, “My friend, I am not being unjust to you; did we not agree on one denarius? Take your earnings and go. I choose to pay the last comer as much as I pay you. Have I no right to do what I like with my own? Why be envious because I am generous?” Thus the last will be first, and the first, last.’