45. Then many of the Jews which came to Mary, and had seen the things which Jesus did, believed on him.
46. But some of them went their way to the Pharisees, and told them what things Jesus had done.
ALCUIN. Christ awakes, because His power it is which quickens us inwardly: the disciples loose, because by the ministry of the priesthood, they who are quickened are absolved.
47. Then gathered the chief priests and the Pharisees a council, and said, What do we? for this man does many miracles.
48. If we let him thus alone, all men will believe on him: and the Romans shall come and take away both our place and nation.
49. And one of them, named Caiaphas, being the high priest that same year, said to them, You know nothing at all,
50. Nor consider that it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not.
51. And this spoke he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation;
52. And not for that nation only, but that also he should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad.
53. Then from that day forth they took counsel together for to put him to death.
THEOPHYL. Such a miracle as this should have drawn forth wonder and praise. But they make it a reason of plotting against His life: Then gathered the chief priests and, Pharisees a council, and said, What do we?
AUG; But they had no thought of believing. The miserable men only consulted how they might hurt and kill Him, not how themselves might be saved from death. What do we? For this Man does many miracles.
CHRYS. Him of whose divinity they had received such certain proofs, they call only a man.
ORIGEN. This speech is an evidence of their audacity and blindness: of their audacity, because they testified that He had done many miracles, and yet thought that they could contend successfully against Him, and that He would have no power of withstanding their plots; of their blindness, because they did not reflect that He who had wrought such miracles could easily escape out of their hands; unless indeed they denied that these miracles were done by Divine power.
They resolved then not to let Him go; thinking that they should thus place an impediment in the way of those who wished to believe in Him, and also prevent the Romans from taking away their place and nation. If we let Him thus alone, all men will believe on Him, and the Romans shall come and take away both our place and nation.
CHRYS. They say this to alarm the people; as if they were incurring the suspicion of setting up an usurper. If, say they, the Romans in crowds follow Him, they will suspect us of setting up a tyranny, and will destroy our state. But this was as wholly a fiction of their own.
For what was the fact? Did He take armed men about with Him, did He go with horsemen in His train? Did He not rather choose desert places to go to? However, that they might not be suspected of consulting only their own interests, they declare the whole state is in danger.
AUG. Or, they were afraid that, if all believed in Christ, none would remain to defend the city of God and the temple against the Romans: since they thought that Christ's teaching was directed against the temple, and their laws. They were afraid of losing temporal things, and thought not of eternal life; and thus they lost both. For the Romans, after our Lord had suffered and was glorified, did come and take away their place and nation, reducing the one by siege, and dispersing the other.
ORIGEN. Mystically: It was fit that the Gentiles should occupy the place of them of the circumcision; because by their fall salvation came to the Gentiles. The Romans represent the Gentiles, being the rulers of the Gentile world. Their nation again was taken away, because they who had been the people of God, were made not a people.
CHRYS. When they hesitated, and asked, What do we? One of them gave most cruel and shameless advice, viz. Caiaphas, who was High Priest that same year.
AUG. How is it that he is called the High Priest of that year, when God appointed one hereditary High Priest? This was owing to the ambition and contention of parties among the Jews themselves, which had ended in the appointment of several High Priests, who took the office in turn, year by year. And sometimes even there seems to have been more than one in office.
ALCUIN. Of this Caiaphas Josephus relates, that he bought the priesthood for a year, for a certain sum.
ORIGEN. The character of Caiaphas is strewn by his being called the High Priest of that same year; the year, viz. in which our Savior suffered. Being the High Priest that same year, he said to them, You know nothing at all, nor consider that it is expedient for us that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not. i.e. You sit still, and give no attention. Attend to me. So insignificant life of one man may surely be made a sacrifice for the safety of the state.
THEOPHYL. He said this with a bad intention, yet the Holy Spirit used his mouth as the vehicle of a prophecy: And this spoke he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation.
ORIGEN. Not everyone that prophesies is a prophet; as not everyone that does a just action is just, he, for example, that does one for vainglory. Caiaphas prophesied without being a prophet, as did Balaam.
Perhaps some will deny that Caiaphas prophesied by the Holy Spirit, on the ground that evil spirits may bear witness to Christ, as the one in Luke, who says, I know You who You are, the Holy One of God; the intention of Caiaphas too being not to induce his hearers to believe on Him, but to excite them to kill Him. It is expedient for us. Is this part of his prophecy true or false? If it is true, then those who contended against Jesus in the council, since Jesus died for the people, and they participate in the advantage of His death, are saved.
This you say is absurd; and hence argue that the prophecy is false, and, if false, not dictated by the Holy Spirit, since the Holy Spirit does not lie on the other side it is argued, for the truth of the prophecy that these words only meant that He by the grace of God should taste death for all men; that He is the Savior of all men, specially of them that believe. And in the same way the former part of the speech, You know nothing at all, is made out to be an assertion of the truth. They knew nothing of Jesus, who did not know that He was truth, wisdom, justice, an peace.
And again, That one man should die for the people. It was as man that He died for the people: in so far as He is the image of the invisible God, He was incapable of death. And He died for the people, in that He took upon Himself, made away with, blotted out the sins of the whole world.
And this spoke he not of himself.
Hence we see, what men say sometimes proceeds from themselves, sometimes from the influence of some power upon them. In the latter case though they may not be taken quite out of themselves, and in a certain sense go along with their own words, yet they do not go along with the meaning of them. Thus Caiaphas says nothing of himself; and therefore does not interpret his own prophecy, because he does not understand it. Thus Paul too speaks of some teachers of the law, who understand neither what they say, nor whereof they affirm.
AUG. We learn hence that even bad men may foretell things to come by the spirit of prophecy, which power the Evangelist ascribes to a divine sacrament, he being Pontifex, i.e. High Priest.
CHRYS. See the great virtue of the Holy Spirit, in drawing forth a prophecy from a wicked man. And see too the virtue of the pontifical office, which made him, though an unworthy High Priest, unconsciously prophesy. Divine grace only used his mouth; it touched not his corrupt heart.
AUG. Caiaphas prophesied of the Jewish nation alone; in which nation were the sheep, of which our Lord says, I am not sent but to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. But the Evangelist knew that there were other sheep, not of this fold, which were to be brought in, and therefore adds, And not for that nation only, but also that He should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad; i.e. those who were predestined to be so: for as yet there were neither sheep, nor children of God.
GREG. His persecutors accomplished this wicked purpose, and put Him to death, thinking to extinguish the devotion of His followers; but faith grew from the very thing which these cruel and unbelieving men thought would destroy it. That which human cruelty had executed against Him, He turned to the purposes of His mercy.
ORIGEN. Inflamed by the speech of Caiaphas, they determined on killing our Lord: Then from that day forth they took counsel together to put Him to death. Was this then the work of the Holy Spirit, as well as the former, or was it another spirit which did both first speak by the mouth of a wicked man, and then excite others like him to kill Christ? Answer: It is not necessary that both should be the work of the same spirit.
As some turn the Scriptures themselves which were given for our good, to the support of bad doctrines; so this true prophecy respecting our Savior was understood in a wrong sense as if it were a call to put Him to death.
CHRYS. They sought before to kill Him; now their resolution was confirmed.
54. Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jews; but went from there to a country near to the wilderness, into a city called Ephraim, and there continued with his disciples.
55. And the Jews' passover was near at hand: and many went out of the country up to Jerusalem before the passover, to purify themselves.
56. Then sought they for Jesus, and spoke among themselves, as they stood in the temple, What think you, that he will not come to the feast?
57. Now both the chief priests and the Pharisees had given a commandment, that, if any man knew where he were, he should show it, that they might take him.
ORIGEN After this resolution of the Chief Priests and Pharisees, Jesus was more cautious in strewing Himself among the Jews, and retired to remote parts, and avoided populous places: Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jews; but went from there into a country near to the wilderness, into a city called Ephraim.
AUG Not that His power had failed Him; for, had He pleased He might still have walked openly among the Jews, and they done nothing to Him. But He wished to show the disciples, by His own example, that believers did not sin by retiring out of the sight of their persecutors, and hiding themselves from the fury of the wicked, rather than inflame that fury in their presence.
ORIGEN. It is praiseworthy, when struggles are at hand, not to avoid confession, or refuse to suffer death for the truth's sake. And it is no less praiseworthy now to avoid giving occasion for such trial. Which we should take care to do, not only on account of the uncertainty of the event of a trial in our own case, but also not to be the occasion of increasing the impiety and guilt of others.
For he who is the cause of sin in another, shall be punished. If we do not avoid our persecutor, when we have the opportunity, we make ourselves responsible for his offence. But our Lord not only retired Himself, but to remove all occasion of offence from His persecutors, took His disciples with Him:
And there stayed with His disciples.
CHRYS. How must it have troubled the disciples to see Him save Himself by merely human means? While all were rejoicing and keeping the feast, they remained hidden, and in danger. Yet they continued with Him; as we read in Luke, You are they which have continued with Me in My temptations.
ORIGEN. Mystically, Jesus walked openly among the Jews, when the Word of God used to come to them by the Prophets. But this Word ceased, i.e. Jesus went from there. And He went to that town near the wilderness, whereof Isaiah says, More are the children of the desolate, than the children of the married wife.
Ephraim signifies fertility. Ephraim was the younger brother of Manasses: Manasses stands for the elder people forgotten; the word Manasses meaning forgotten. When the elder people were forgotten and passed over, there came an abundant harvest from the Gentiles. Our Lord left the Jews' and went forth into a country - the whole world - near the wilderness, the deserted Church, to Ephraim, the fruitful city; and there continues with His disciples up to this day.
AUG. He who came from heaven to suffer, wished to draw near the place of His Passion, His hour being now at hand: And the Jews' passover was near at hand. That passover they had resolved to celebrate by shedding our Lord's blood; the blood which consecrated the Passover, the blood of the Lamb.
The Law obliged everyone to go up to the feast: And many went out of the country up to Jerusalem before the passover to purify themselves. But ours is the true Passover; the Jewish one was a shadow. The Jews held their passover in the dark, we in the light: their posts were stained with the blood of a slain animal, our foreheads are signed with the blood of Christ.
THEOPHYL. They went up before the passover, to be purified. For whoever had sinned willingly or unwillingly could not keep the passover, unless they were first purified by washings, fastings, and shaving of the head, and also offering certain stated oblations. While engaged in these purifications, they were plotting our Lord's death: Then sought they for Jesus, and spoke among themselves, as they stood in the temple, What think you, that He will not come to the feast?
CHRYS. They lay in wait for Him at the passover, and made the feast time the time of His death.
ORIGEN. Wherefore the Evangelist does not call it the Lord's passover, but the Jews' passover. For then it was that they plotted our Lord's death.
ALCUIN. They sought Jesus with bad intent. We seek Him, standing in God's temple, mutually encouraging one another, and praying Him to come to our feast, and sanctify us by His presence.
THEOPHYL. If the common people only had done these things, the Passion would have seemed owing to men's ignorance; but the Pharisees it is, who order Him to be taken: Now both the chief priests and the Pharisees had given a commandment, that, if any man knew where He were, he should show it, that they might take Him.
ORIGEN. Observe, they did not know where He was; they knew that He had gone away. Mystically, they did not know where He was, because, in the place of the divine commandments, they taught the doctrines and commandments of men.
AUG. Let us at least show the Jews where He is; O that they would hear, that they would come to the Church, and take hold of Him for themselves!
Catena Aurea John 11
From: Ezekiel 37:21-28
The Reunification of the Two Kingdoms (Continuation)
[21] Then say to them, Thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I will take the people
of Israel from the nations among which they have gone, and will gather them from
all sides, and bring them to their own land; [22] and I will make them one nation
in the land, upon the mountains of Israel; and one king shall be king over them
all; and they shall be no longer two nations, and no longer divided into two king-
doms. [23] They shall not defile themselves any more with their idols and their
detestable things, or with any of their transgressions; but I will save them from
all the backslidings in which they have sinned, and will cleanse them; and they
shall be my people, and I will be their God.
[24] “My servant David shall be king over them; and they shall all have one
shepherd. They shall follow my ordinances and be careful to observe my sta-
tutes. They shall dwell in the land where your fathers dwelt that I gave to my ser-
vant Jacob; they and their children and their children’s children shall dwell there
forever; and David my servant shall be their prince for ever. [26] I will make a co-
venant of peace with them; it shall be an everlasting covenant with them, and I
will bless them and multiply them, and will set my sanctuary in the midst of
them for evermore. [27] My dwelling place shall be with them; and I will be their
God, and they shall be my people. [28] Then the nations will know that I the
LORD will sanctify Israel, when my sanctuary is in the midst of them for ever-
more.”
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
37:15-27. Unity will be the most obvious effect of the people’s purification. By the
symbolic action of the two sticks, Ezekiel shows that it is God himself who will
bring about the unification of the tribes that made up the Southern kingdom (Ju-
dah) with those of the North (Joseph-Ephraim); it will be a union so strong that it
will never again be broken (as it was broken after the death of Solomon: cf. 1 Kgs
12:20-33). This unity is also a symbol of the oneness that Jesus wants the new
people of God to have (cf. Jn 17:21) and which is essential for the success of his
plans for mankind’s salvation, “All men are called to be part of this catholic unity
of the people of God which in promoting universal peace presages it. And there
belong to or are related to it in various ways, the Catholic faithful, all who believe
in Christ, and indeed the whole of mankind, for all men are called by the grace
of God to salvation” (Vatican II, “Lumen Gentium”, 13).
37:26. A “covenant of peace”. The concluding words of the oracle (vv. 24-28) are
messianic ones, as can be seen from the reference to David, king and shepherd
(v. 24), and from the emphasis put on the fact that the nation will abide in the
land “for ever” (v. 25) with the sanctuary in its midst (vv. 27, 28). Peace (cf. 34:
25) is the greatest of the messianic gifts (cf. Is 9:5); it implies safety from exter-
nal enemies but, above all, peace with God and neighbor. Jesus called peacema-
kers blessed, happy (cf. Mt 5:9). “[T]he peace of Christ radiates from God the Fa-
ther. For by the cross the incarnate Son, the prince of peace reconciled all men
with God. By thus restoring all men to the unity of one people and one body, he
slew hatred in his own flesh; and, after being lifted on high by his resurrection,
he poured forth the spirit of love into the hearts of men” (”Gaudium Et Spes”, 78).
*********************************************************************************************
Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.
From: John 11:45-56
The Sanhedrin Decides on the Death of Jesus
[45] Many of the Jews therefore, who had come with Mary (Magdalene) and had
seen what He (Jesus) did, believed in Him; [46] but some of them went to the
Pharisees and told them what Jesus had done. [47] So the chief priests and the
Pharisees gathered the council, and said, “What are we to do? For this Man per-
forms many signs. [48] If we let Him go on thus, every one will believe in Him,
and the Romans will come and destroy both our holy place and our nation.” [49]
But one of them, Caiaphas, who was high priest that year, said to them, “You
know nothing at all; [50] you do not understand that it is expedient for you that
one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation should not perish.”
[51] He did not say this of his own accord, but being high priest that year he pro-
phesied that Jesus should die for the nation, [52] and not for the nation only, but
to gather into one the children of God who are scattered abroad. [53] So from
that day on they took counsel on how to put Him to death.
[54] Jesus therefore no longer went about openly among the Jews, but went from
there to the country near the wilderness, to a town called Ephraim; and there He
stayed with the disciples.
[55] Now the Passover of the Jews was at hand, and many went up from the
country to Jerusalem before the Passover, to purify themselves. [56] They were
looking for Jesus and saying to one another as they stood in the temple, “What
do you think? That He will not come to the feast?”
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
45-48. Once again, as Simeon had predicted, Jesus is a sign of contradiction (cf.
Luke 2:34; John 7:12, 31, 40; 9:16; etc.): presented with the miracle of the raising
of Lazarus some people believe in Jesus (verse 45), and some denounce Him to
His enemies (cf. verses 46-47)—confirming what is said in the parable of the rich
man: “neither will they be convinced if someone should rise from the dead” (Luke
16:31).
“Our (holy) place”: this expression or similar expressions such as “the place”,
“this place”, was used to designate the temple, the holy place “par excellence”
and, by extension, all the Holy City of Jerusalem (cf. Maccabees 5:19; Acts 6:
14).
49-53. Caiaphas held the high priesthood from the year 18 to the year 36 A.D.
(cf. “The Dates of the Life of our Lord Jesus Christ” in “The Navarre Bible: St.
Mark”, p. 49). Caiaphas was the instrument God used to prophesy the redemp-
tive death of the Savior, for it was one of the functions of the high priest to con-
sult God on how to lead the people (cf. Exodus 28:30; Numbers 27:21; 1 Sa-
muel 23:9; 30:7-8). Here Caiaphas’ words have a dual meaning: one, Caiaphas’
meaning, is that he wants to put Christ to death, on the pretext that that will
ensure the political peace and survival of Israel; the other, the meaning intended
by the Holy Spirit, is the announcement of the foundation of the new Israel, the
Church, through the death of Christ on the Cross (Caiaphas is unaware of this
meaning). And so it happens that the last high priest of the Old Alliance prophe-
sies the investiture of the High Priest of the New Alliance, which will be sealed
in His own blood.
When the Evangelist states that Christ was going to die “to gather into one the
children of God who are scattered abroad” (verse 52), he is referring to what our
Lord had said regarding the salvific effects of His death (cf. John 10:14-15). The
prophets had already announced the future assembly of Israelites faithful to God
to form the new people of Israel (cf. Isaiah 43:5; Jeremiah 23:3-5; Ezekiel 34:23;
37:21-24). These prophecies are fulfilled by the death of Christ, who, on being
raised up on the cross, draws and gathers together the true people of God, com-
posed of all believers, whether Israelites or not. The Second Vatican Council
uses this passage as a source when speaking of the universality of the Church:
“All men are called to belong to the new people of God. This people therefore,
whilst remaining one and only one, is to be spread throughout the whole world
and to all ages in order that the design of God’s will may be fulfilled: He made
human nature one in the beginning and decreed that all His children who were
scattered should be finally gathered together as one (cf. John 11:52). It was for
this purpose that God sent His Son, whom He appointed heir of all things (cf.
Hebrews 1:2), that He might be teacher, king and priest of all, the head of the
new and universal people of God’s sons” (”Lumen Gentium”, 13).
In the fourth century, St. John Chrysostom explained the catholicity of the
Church using these words: “What is the meaning of ‘to gather into one those
who are scattered abroad’? He made them one body. He who dwells in Rome
knows that the Christians of India are his members” (”Hom. on St. John”, 65,
1).
54. The time for Him to die has not yet arrived; therefore Jesus acts prudently,
taking the steps anyone would take not to precipitate events.
55. Since the Passover was the most solemn Jewish feast, the people used to
arrive in Jerusalem some days in advance to prepare for it by washings, fasts
and offerings—practices established not by the Mosaic law but by popular piety;
the rites of the Passover itself, with the sacrificing of the lamb, were a rite of puri-
fication and expiation for sins. The Passover of the Jews was a figure of the Chris-
tian Pasch or Easter, for, as St. Paul the Apostle teaches us, our paschal lamb
is Christ (cf. 1 Corinthians 5:7), who offered Himself once and for all to the eter-
nal Father on the cross to atone for our sins. Paul VI recalled this happy truth
of faith: “Gave Himself for me? But does there still exist a religion which is ex-
pressed in sacrifices? No, the sacrifices of the ancient law and pagan religions
have no longer any reason to exist; but the world always needs a sacrifice, a va-
lid, unique and perennial one, for the redemption of human sin [...]; it is the sacri-
fice of Christ on the cross, which wipes out sin from the world; a sacrifice which
the Eucharist actualizes in time and makes it possible for the men of this earth
to take part in it” (Paul VI, “Homily on Corpus Christ”, 17 June 1976).
If the Jews prepared to celebrate the Passover with all these rites and ablutions,
it is obvious what steps we should take to celebrate or participate in the Mass
and to receive Christ—our Pasch—in the Eucharist. “On this earth, when we re-
ceive an important person, we bring out the best — lights, music, formal dress.
How should we prepare to receive Christ into our soul? Have we ever thought
about how we should behave if we could only receive Him once in a lifetime?”
(St. J. Escriva, “Christ Is Passing By”, 91).
*********************************************************************************************
Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.
He began the long and arduous visitation of an immense archdiocese, studying the language, staying two or three days in each place, often with neither bed nor food. He confessed every morning to his chaplain, and celebrated Mass with intense fervor. Among those to whom he gave the Sacrament of Confirmation was Saint Rose of Lima, and possibly Saint Martin de Porres. After 1590 he had the help of another great missionary, Saint Francis Solanus. 
In 1432, John Hunyady, a Catholic Hungarian national distinguished himself at the Siege of the Szendro Castle in Hungary. For this very reason King Sigismund appointed him as one of his royal counselors. John Hunyady later became Count of Temes and supported the election of Wladislaw III of Poland, to the throne of Hungary. For supporting the Polish King, Hunyady was proclaimed Commander of the Fortress of Belgrade and Voivode of Transylvania. John Hunyady was privately devoted to the Blessed Virgin and prayed for her intercession during the wars against the Ottoman powers. Victories always occurred, following his prayers to Our Lady. In 1441, the Hungarians were victorious against the Ottomans at Szendro, at Maros-Szent-Imre in 1442, and captured Sofia in Bulgaria in 1443. In 1453, the Ottoman Islamists invaded the Christian territories, conquering Constantinople. Churches were demolished and the Byzantine Cathedral, referred to as Saint Sophia’s Cathedral, was desecrated and converted into a mosque. Following the fall of Constantinople, Sultan Mehmet II prepared for war against Hungary. 
The son of Prince Eugene Maurice of Savoy was born in 1663 and named Eugene after his father. Throughout his early youth he brought himself as an exemplary Catholic. Many at court thought that Eugene was destined at becoming an abbot, in fact he was referred to as the ‘petit abbe’ or the ‘little abbot.’ To the court’s surprise, Eugene developed a liking for the military but was denied entrance by the king. Eugene left France to enroll within the Austrian military, and was deployed where the most need was required, that meant against the invading Ottomans. In 1683, Eugene distinguished himself at Petronell and was appointed Commander of a Dragoon regiment. He served against the Ottomans at Buda and Belgrade. In 1690, the Ottoman Turks recaptured Belgrade and Eugene defeated the Ottomans at the Battle of Zenta. The 1699, the ‘Treaty of Karlowitz’ followed the victory. After Karlowitz, a short time of peace was welcome, unfortunately, the Ottoman Empire was not true to the treaty. The Empire ignored its pledges of Peace and invaded the West, retaking Morea from Venice in 1714. The Austrians declared war on the Ottoman Empire on April 13, 1716. Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Peterwardein on August 5 (Feast of Our Lady of the Snows) and Temesvar on the morrow of the Feast of Our Lady of the Pillar, October 13, 1716, he captured Belgrade. In 1716, the Battle at Peterwardein witnessed an Ottoman army consisting of 40,000 Janissaries, 20,000 Sipahis and 10,000 Tartars under the command of Grand Vizier Damad Ali. Battles started on August 3, and on August 5 the Austrian counter-attack under Prince Eugene began. The Austrians attacked by encircling the Sipahis and the Tartars, who gave way to the superior, disciplined army. Following this victory, Eugene attacked the Ottoman camp and was supported by the firing cannon of six frigates from the Danube River. In the Ottoman camps many were slain, including Damad Ali, their Commander. An event which was considered unusual for the time and season of the year, was a heavy snowfall on the morning of August 5, which covered Peterwardein. Prince Eugene sought the intercession of Our Lady of the Snows and following this victory granted by Our Lady’s intercession; he commemorated this event by ordering the construction of a church on Tekije Hill. The church overlooks the battlefield and is today known as ‘Our Lady of Tekije’ and ‘Our Lady of the Snows.’ The church is used both by the Roman Catholic and Orthodox denominations. On the morrow of the Feast of the Assumption of 1717, on August 16, the Ottoman forces were ousted from Belgrade. At the Treaty of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, the Ottoman Empire ceded the Banat, Serbia, a portion of Bosnia and Vallachia to Austria. 
