Replies

From: Hosea 6:1-6

True and false conversion – a call for love, not sacrifice

[1] “Come let us return to the Lord;
For he has torn, that he may heal us;
He has stricken, and he will bind us up.
[2] After two days he will revive us;
On the third day he will raise us up,
That we may live before him.
[3] Let us know, let us press on to know the Lord;
His going forth is sure as the dawn;
He will come to us as the showers,
As the spring rains that water the earth.”

[4] What shall I do with you, O Ephraim?
What shall I do with you, O Judah?
Your love is like a morning cloud,
Like the dew that goes early away.
[5] Therefore I have hewn them by the prophets,
I have slain them by the words of my mouth.
And my judgment goes forth as the light.”
[6] For I desire steadfast love and not sacrifice,
The knowledge of God, rather than burnt offerings.

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

6:1-7. The call to seek the Lord at the end of the previous oracle (5:15) is respon-
ded to in 6:1-3. We hear the people speaking, led by their representatives (the
prophet, or the priests). Having suffered (vv. 1-2), they are ready to repent and re-
turn to the Lord (v. 3). However, through the prophet the Lord tells them that their
love should be steadfast (vv. 4 and 6 speak of these) but it is like dew or a mor-
ning cloud: it does not survive the heat of the day. The rather puzzling reference
to “Adam” in v. 7 may mean the first man, but it could also be a city that stood
at the entrance to the promised land where the waters of the Jordan were
stopped to let the people cross (Josh. 13:16); the meaning of the passage does
not change much, whichever “Adam” is meant; the point is that transgression of
the Covenant has a long history that extends back almost to the beginning; their
faithfulness is as short-lived as the morning dew.

As against that, the Lord tells them where true worship lies — in steadfast love
and “knowledge of God” (v. 6). The first words of this verse have had a conside-
rable impact on Christian tradition, because they get to the heart of what religion
is all about, and because our Lord quotes them more than once (cf. Mt 9:13; 12:
7) to underscore his teaching that God judges not to condemn but to save: “For
their own good, God demanded of the Israelites not sacrifices and holocausts,
but faith, obedience and righteousness. He revealed his will through the words
of the prophet Hosea: I desire steadfast love and not sacrifice, the knowledge of
God rather than burnt offerings (Hos 6:6). The Lord gives further advice, saying:
and if you had known what this means, ‘I desire mercy, and not sacrifice,’ you
would not have condemned the guiltless (Mt 12:7); and thus bear witness on be-
half of the prophets, who preached the truth, against all those who threw their ig-
norance in the faces of God’s servants” (St. Irenaeus, “Adversus haerseses”, 4,
17, 4).

In v. 2, the words “after two days he will revive us; on the third day he will raise
us up” is a way of saying that the event described will happen in a short period
of time. Some Christian writers beginning with Tertullian read the verse as refer-
ring to Christ’s burial and resurrection; but the New Testament never quotes the
verse as prophecy. However, one cannot completely rule out Hosea 6:2 having
a connexion with the New Testament wording “on the third day he arose accor-
ding to the scriptures” (cf. 1 Cor 15:4) and with what Jesus said when he ap-
peared in the cenacle (Lk 24:46); cf. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 627.

*********************************************************************************************
Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.