Jesus prayed at John 17:20-22 that his followers would one just as he and the Father were one, that they would be in union with him and he in union with the Father.
So How are we to understand John 10:30? As part of a trinitarian formula? No, rather that Jesus and his father acted and spoke as one, in unison of thought and purpose just as he prayed for his followers to be one.
In fact Jesus says at John 14:28 that his father is greater than he.
Eph 3:9 And to make all men see what is the fellowship of the mystery, which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God, who created all things by Jesus Christ:
God created everything...Jesus created everything...
It was revealed by the God to the Apostles who revealed it to us hundreds of years before the Catholic church could figure it out, or accept it...
God never said to understand it...He would just like us to believe it...
So I don't understand it, but I believe it...I don't understand all that I know...
From the so-called Athanasian Creed:
33. Equal to the Father as touching His Godhead, and inferior to the Father as touching His manhood.
I do not post this to say that it's right, but merely to say that Trinitarian theology thinks it has dal with the "The Father is greater than I," saying.