This is why presbyterians have local sessions, presbyteries, and a general assembly.
I think it is a common misconception, that Roman Catholics think all Protestants have no church structure/authority.
Some Protestants may not, I don’t know. But the presbyterian church has elected/ordained elders, a higher body known as the presbytery, and the final appeal known as General Assembly.
Doctrinal issues are adjudicated as well as discipline cases, and lots of administrative work and decisions made as well.
All just to say there is a strong authority structure in at least some Protestant churches. Other members of other churches may be able to fill us in on their accountability.
Thanks for that information.
The Catholic Church too, has local groups of priests and other ministers that get together periodically — a vicariate.
On the Diocese/Archdiocese level, the group of pirests that meet with the Bishop or Archbishop is called a Presbyteral Council.
A panel of priests versed in canon law comprises the Diocese wide Tribunal for hearing cases such as those sited by you. And of course then the Bishops get together in Synods or Councils convened by national leaders or on a worldwide scale by the Pope.