I believe Hitler used other arguments against the Jews, they were the cause of Germany’s misery, etc., though the regime’s racist views were pretty blatant, the speeches were mostly “Jews caused this and that, the foul little rats.. “
His evolutionary theory is most evident starting with the Eugenics Laws - Eugenics of course was popular also in the US, and Hitler praised US writers and organizations profusely.
And of course, as has been pointed out, the whole “Master Race” racial purity, aryan breed farms, etc., etc. are foundational to Nazism. But it was likely more commonly known as Eugenics.
Here’s a wiki article outlining some of it:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_eugenics
Yes, Hitler was big on the ‘international bankers’ and ‘conspiring to start world wars’ angle of antisemitism. Also all about the “Master Race” and against the ‘mongrelization’ of the ‘pure Aryan race’. He also spoke of avenging the “blood upon the cross”. All these are the very PUBLIC reasons given for Nazi's as to why they should hate Jews, never once did they say “we are all the descendants of apes, but WE are the SUPERIOR descendants of apes.” It just isn't what the audience was prepared to get behind, it isn't a good rallying cry, and it isn't what was used as a justification for the Holocaust.