Most of these doctrines showed up (and were and are read-into previous Church father's writings) about the 12th Century.
Which doctrines?
Indulgences were given out all over the place in the 12th Century, so it's a safe bet that the doctrine which underlies them, purgatory, was widely believed long before that. It doesn't make much sense to promise someone a pardon from purgatory unless they actually believe in it.
Tertullian (2nd century) mentions Christians praying for the dead, which we know is just the continuation into Christianity of Jewish custom.
Prayer for the dead implies a state or condition other than heaven or hell, which the Latin fathers call "purgatory".
Most of the Catholic doctrines Protestants reject are much older than the 12th Century, and can be shown from patristic writings dated from before the time the NT canon was fixed.