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From: Romans 2:1-11

The Jews Also are Guilty

[1] Therefore you have no excuse, O man, whoever you are, when you
judge another; for in passing judgment upon him you condemn yourself,
because you, the judge, are doing the very same things. [2] We know
that the judgment of God rightly falls upon those who do such things.
[3] Do you suppose, 0 man, that when you judge those who do such things
and yet do them yourself, you will escape the judgment of God? [4] 0r
do you presume upon the riches of his kindness and forbearance and
patience? Do you not know that God's kindness is meant to lead you to
repentance? [5] But by your hard and impenitent heart you are storing
up wrath for yourself on the day of wrath when God's righteous judgment
will be revealed. [6] For he will render to every man according to his
works: [7] to those who by patience in well-doing seek for glory and
honor and immortality, he will give eternal life; [8] but for those who
are factious and do not obey the truth, but obey wickedness, there will
be wrath and fury. [9] There will be tribulation and distress for every
human being who does evil, the Jew first and also the Greek, [10] but
glory and honor and peace for every one who does good, the Jew first
and also the Greek. [11] For God shows no partiality.

Commentary:

1. The Apostle now addresses the Jews to make them see that, despite
their privileged position, they too are unrighteous. He does this by
setting up an imaginary conversation with a person representing the
Jewish people, whose attitude is like that of those who "trusted in
themselves that they were righteous and despised others" (Lk 18:9). If
the pagans, who could only know God through the use of natural reason,
cannot be excused for not worshipping him and for committing sin, how
much more inexcusable is the behavior of Jews who, despite receiving
supernatural Revelation, commit the very same sins as those for which
they reproach the Gentiles. St Paul's invective against the Jews (vv.
17-24) is reminiscent of our Lord's criticism of the scribes and
Pharisees (cf. Mt 23:13-33).

2-11. These verses contain the following truths: 1) God rewards and
punishes, and therefore there is a close connection between a person's
behavior in this life (meritorious or blameworthy) and what happens to
him or her in the next life (cf. especially vv. 2, 5, 7-10). 2) God is
a just and impartial Judge; he does not look to whether a person is Jew
or Gentile but simply to how he lives. 3) The passage also tells us
when this judgment will take place (v. 5, elaborated on by v. 16).

In the course of speaking about God as rewarding the good, St Paul
describes the glorious state of the blessed in heaven ("eternal life",
"glory", "honor", "peace": vv. 7, 10) and the fact that it will last
for ever ("immortality": v. 7). He also teaches that in order to attain
this state one must persevere in good works ("patience in well-doing":
v. 7); this echoes what our Lord said: "he who endures to the end will
be saved" (Mt 10:22; cf. 24:13).

Parallel with this, St Paul speaks of how God will punish sinners
("wrath and fury": v. 8) and of the unhappy fate of those condemned to
hell ("tribulation and distress": v. 9).

The meaning of this passage becomes clearer in the light of many other
passages of Sacred Scripture and, also, of the Church's teaching about
the Judgment and when it will take place. There are two different
occasions "when everyone must appear in the presence of the Lord to
render an account of all his thoughts, words and actions [...]. The
first takes place when each of us departs this life; for then he is
instantly placed before the judgment seat of God, where all that he has
ever done shall be subjected to the most rigid scrutiny. This is called
the particular judgment. The second occurs when on the same day and in
the same place all men shall stand together before the tribunal of
their judge, that in the presence and hearing of all human beings of
all times each may know his final doom and sentence" ("St Pius V
Catechism", 1, 8, 3).

Source: "The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries". Biblical text
taken from the Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries
made by members of the Faculty of Theology of the University of
Navarre, Spain. Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock,
Co. Dublin, Ireland.