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Taliban underestimated US firepower and resolve of the Northern Alliance
The Telegraph (U.K.) ^ | 11/13/2001 | Ahmed Rashid

Posted on 11/12/2001 5:21:13 PM PST by Pokey78

ALTHOUGH the Taliban were prepared to retreat to their ethnic heartland in southern Afghanistan once the going got tough, they badly underestimated American bombing power, the determination of the opposition Northern Alliance and their vast unpopularity among the Afghan population. The result has been a rout rather than a tactical retreat.

Five years ago, the Taliban, mounted in their four-wheel pick-ups, captured Kabul in a three-day lightning strike.

Kabul's defender, Ahmad Shah Massoud, carried out a brilliant night-time retreat from the capital, evacuating the majority of his troops although losing much of his armour and heavy artillery in the process.

The Taliban calculated that they could do the same from Mazar-i-Sharif and other cities in the north once the alliance launched its offensive.

But they underestimated the withering bombardment carried out by American aircraft which first decimated their front lines, then prevented them from assembling at departure points for retreat, and finally harassed them relentlessly as they fled pell-mell.

In fixed positions dug into the mountains, the Taliban could sustain heavy US bombardment, but once in the open they were subject to attacks night and day as US drones with sensors and special forces on the ground marked out Taliban formations.

The Taliban had fought the alliance to a standstill over the past three years. They miscalculated the alliance's new energy and determination and the fact that, in the past two months, they had been bolstered by large quantities of arms and ammunition from their external supporters.

That determination can be judged by the fact that, with US air cover, the alliance sensed victory and their troops in Taloqan and Kunduz were willing to walk through minefields to reach Taliban defences. In some areas, mines rather than bullets appear to have created the largest number of casualties among alliance troops over the past four days.

But the Taliban's biggest fear was uprisings in the major cities from civilian populations who loathed their repressive government and viewed them as alien occupiers from the south who had no representation from their own minority ethnic groups.

Lacking all support from the population, the Taliban were unable to hide from the bombing by dispersing their troops among civilians, as they have done in the south.

Alliance commanders were able to receive intelligence reports from cities on Taliban positions given to them by friendly civilians. Taliban intelligence among the alliance troop deployments was virtually zero.

The means for the Taliban leaders to communicate in the field with their commanders around the country had become severely limited by the bombing which targeted emissions from satellite telephones or radios.

The lack of military co-ordination between the commanders and the inability of the leaders in Kandahar to communicate a strategy to their generals created confusion, panic and unease.

Thousands of Taliban troops have been trapped in the north due to the rapid advances by the alliance. Those who have escaped are making their way south to the Pathan heartland.

But along the way they face a totally hostile population and in some regions of the south they cannot now even trust their own Pathans.

Nevertheless, the Taliban still control southern and eastern Afghanistan and the long porous border with Pakistan where supplies of food and ammunition are still reaching them, while Pakistani fighters are still willing to cross over and fight for them.

The south is alien to the alliance and the domino effect of falling cities that took place in the north may not last long even if Kabul capitulates. Just a few miles out of the multi-ethnic capital, there are only the heavily armed Pathan tribes, among whom the alliance has no supporters.

The Taliban have many strengths to exploit. They have already dispersed their forces in southern Afghanistan in small towns and villages to avoid the bombing.

They will hold out in these positions awaiting what they expect will be a ground attack by American forces, even though that is highly unlikely due to the reluctance of Washington.

This means that America has to throw its weight behind anti-Taliban Pathan commanders in the south, such as Hamid Karzai. America also has to pressurise Pakistan to accept the new reality given that Islamabad has failed to deliver on its promise to create defections within the Taliban and bring out so-called moderates.

As fast as they have moved on the military front, the alliance have until now, just as swiftly, set up an administration in the cities that they have conquered to prevent revenge and inter-ethnic killings, and provide security so that UN-led humanitarian relief can reach the population. That is going to prove much more difficult than the military campaign.


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To: Buckeroo
Well, let's see...we've left Afghanistan to it's own devices before. If we do that again, another snake will likely raise up and bite us again. But then, it does at least postpone that eventuality so we can get on to the next offender. At best, we may only be able to be a spoiler - keeping people like this from getting too far down the path of nukes.

One thing that does tend to help fend off totalitarians is freedom for the people. If we could just get the Afghans further down that road - perhaps they might like it. How you gonna keep 'em down on the sand dune once they've seen a free market?

41 posted on 11/12/2001 6:12:28 PM PST by anniegetyourgun
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To: Pokey78
Wasn't it just 10 days ago some "experts" interviewed by the media said that no city in Afghanistan could be taken without hundreds of US ground troops?
42 posted on 11/12/2001 6:12:34 PM PST by BunnySlippers
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To: mlocher
Generals, especially ex-generals, always forget they are dependant on information.No good intel-no good decision. Heil Clinton-Heil Carter.(Reagan,Bush & Bush Jr)The new Boss is NOT the same as the old boss.....As Barney says"Character Counts" Lets roll.
43 posted on 11/12/2001 6:12:37 PM PST by sarasmom
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To: Buckeroo
The "Northern Alliance" is a complete failure. Their apparent victories are a strategic blunder for the US

You have become a parody.

44 posted on 11/12/2001 6:14:31 PM PST by M. Thatcher
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To: TADSLOS
I think the Star-Telegram keeps her employed only because she incites Texans and sells newspapers as a result.

That's probably why she's a drunk.

45 posted on 11/12/2001 6:15:22 PM PST by JZoback
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To: Buckeroo
The "Northern Alliance" is a complete failure. Their apparent victories are a strategic blunder for the US as they pose an ominous regime that has little purpose other than another face upon totalitarianism. There is a no-win situation in Afganistan for the US with the exception that we maintain focus about cutting the throats of bin laden, et al.

You have the focus right, getting Bin Laden and those that harbored him and provided him comfort. I could care less about the Northern Alliance or what it does or does not do when the Taliban are gone. As long as they know that they will get the same treatment if they screw with the United States. I suspect they won't.

The people of Afghanistan are going to have to decide for themselves if they want to live like animals or whether they want to establish a society and culture beyond the stone age. We can't make that decision for them.
46 posted on 11/12/2001 6:16:44 PM PST by Arkinsaw
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To: M. Thatcher
Please differentiate your capability to laugh as you crow about taking sides in a fight that has no end in sight. Maybe you can tell America why the Northern Alliance is the great leadership after they ruthlessly killed and murdered over 50,000 Afgans during 1994-1996.
47 posted on 11/12/2001 6:19:14 PM PST by Buckeroo
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To: Righty1
I disagree with your comment. They have the full force of a few cluster/blanket bombing raids backed by the good faith and technological prowess of the American people. Once we discontinue our attacks, they will resort again to the tribal causation that they have known for centuries.

We need to punish the folks responsible for this; not meddle into their internal affairs.

48 posted on 11/12/2001 6:20:05 PM PST by Buckeroo
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To: Brimack34
Just think what would happen if we really wanted to end this war right now!!

Honestly, I think that would be a bad move.

The last thing we want is to have troops parked over there being policeman watching the Afghan people pick their noses, while planning to overthrow whatever government we set up.

Let the Afghan people win this thing and let diplomacy work the final stage out.

49 posted on 11/12/2001 6:20:13 PM PST by JZoback
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To: alloysteel
They said we couldn't win -The English lost and the Russkies lost etc. etc-----------Well we may not have won yet but we ain't losing . Not a bad bit of All-American military work-Almost no casualties AND all done in about 5 weeks!!
50 posted on 11/12/2001 6:27:18 PM PST by Cato the Censor
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To: anniegetyourgun
Personally, I'd like to relocate the Palestinians to Afghanistan and put the U.N. headquarters there!

Do it quick, before the bombing stops.


51 posted on 11/12/2001 6:35:50 PM PST by Nick Danger
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To: Nick Danger
ROFL!
52 posted on 11/12/2001 6:38:00 PM PST by anniegetyourgun
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To: Pokey78

The Taliban have many strengths to exploit. They have already dispersed their forces in southern Afghanistan in small towns and villages to avoid the bombing.

The error of calling for a false jihad:

Matthew 7:19-21

Every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.

Wherefore by their fruits ye shall know them.

Not every one that saith unto me, Lord, Lord, shall enter into the kingdom of heaven; but he that doeth the will of my Father which is in heaven.

Jihad, by it's essence of "holy war" demands immediate and sustained victories, without total victory it is found wanting in sustaining the faith necessary in carrying it forward.

In the end that is and will continue to be the down fall of the Taliban & OBL.

53 posted on 11/12/2001 6:41:54 PM PST by ancient_geezer
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To: Buckeroo
Please differentiate your capability to laugh as you crow about taking sides in a fight that has no end in sight. Maybe you can tell America why the Northern Alliance is the great leadership after they ruthlessly killed and murdered over 50,000 Afgans during 1994-1996.

I don't care a whit. The NA is furthering our aims at the moment. That's all it's good for, and that's all that matters. You seem to think we are the Russians, circa 1985. We are playing this better than you know. Try to have a single positive thought about American military competence before you die.

54 posted on 11/12/2001 6:43:38 PM PST by M. Thatcher
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To: Nick Danger


55 posted on 11/12/2001 6:43:41 PM PST by Shermy
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To: JZoback
"Let the Afghan people win this thing and let diplomacy work the final stage out."

That can't happen. - - Whatever government ends up in control there is guaranteed to be a UN Puppet Government. - That is the true objective there, whatever pablum Bush may be babbling about a war on terrorism.

56 posted on 11/12/2001 6:46:15 PM PST by editor-surveyor
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Misunderestimating the US bombing is just part of the strategery.
57 posted on 11/12/2001 6:47:32 PM PST by dread78645
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To: M. Thatcher
"The NA is furthering our aims at the moment." -- M. Thatcher

Once you get over the hog-wash the media is stuffing down your throat, you will quickly see the "Northern Alliance" is just another face of internal strife placed upon Afganistan. They are using the situation for their own ends and hate America as much as any other terrorist group.

58 posted on 11/12/2001 6:49:50 PM PST by Buckeroo
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To: Buckeroo
Maybe you can tell America why the Northern Alliance is the great leadership after they ruthlessly killed and murdered over 50,000 Afgans during 1994-1996.

Easy. They're fighting our enemy.

59 posted on 11/12/2001 6:51:48 PM PST by 1rudeboy
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To: 1rudeboy
LOL! They are as much the enemy as any other factious group in Afganistan; simply stated, they are as cruel as any other ethnic group there.

The difference they have on their side is that they were ousted in 1996. Otherwise, today, they would have hosted bin laden, et al.

60 posted on 11/12/2001 6:59:47 PM PST by Buckeroo
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