Never happened. Sheer falsehood. Muhammad considered both the Jews and the Christians his natural allies because they all three were Abrahamic religions, "People of the Book."
The rift between Jews and Muhammadans didn't gain a full head of steam until after the creation of the Talmud. After the scattering of the Jews in the early 1st Millennia, Rabbis feared Jews might settle where there was no learned Rabbi, no one to interpret the Torah and its finer points for them. So they created what essentially is an instruction manual for the Torah called the Talmud. But because the Talmud was written by the most exalted of Rabbis, it is paid great reverence by the Jews, so much so that this reverence might be mistaken by outsiders for worship. And worship of a book written by man was seen by the Muhammadans (and many Christians) as betrayal of their Abrahamic roots.
If didn't have Sweet Fanny Adams to do with Jews rejecting Muhammad.
They were merely put in a better position on the sacred hate list. The Hindu's were given no consideration . They were simply slaughtered without mercy. After Genghis Khan was given a taste of their savagery he returned the favor in spades. Too bad he stopped at Baghdad instead of making it all the way to Mecca