Those insurance premiums are paid indirectly by savers in the form of lower yield on their savings.
Black in 2008 when the FDIC was closing several banks they ran low in their funds and to replenish they forced the banks to prepay 3 years worth of premiums to refill the fund.
All banks pay roughly the same premium formula. Instead of assessing risk like regular insurance companies do, those at risk pay more, they don’t do that. It’s a pretty screwed up way they do things.