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What are the ingredients of Pfizer’s covid-19 vaccine?
MIT technology review ^ | December 2020 | Antonio Regalado

Posted on 05/09/2021 7:18:59 PM PDT by Triple

We asked experts to help us decode the contents. by Antonio Regalado December 9, 2020

Facebook said on December 3 that it would remove posts with false claims or conspiracy theories about what’s in the covid-19 vaccines that everyone’s counting on.

In the face of rumors suggesting that Bill Gates has installed tracking microchips in the shots, or that the inoculations contain luciferase, a glowing chemical from fireflies whose name makes some people think of the devil, the company suggested it would be policing such claims by making reference to the “official vaccine ingredient list.”

What’s actually on the official ingredient list? This week an elderly UK woman became the first person outside of a trial to get the newly approved vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech, and the US could greenlight the same inoculation as soon as Thursday, December 10. Along with the regulatory actions over the last week have come the most detailed disclosures yet of the new vaccine’s makeup.

Here, for instance, is what the US Food and Drug Administration says is in Pfizer’s vaccine:

Active Ingredient nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) encoding the viral spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 Lipids (4-hydroxybutyl)azanediyl)bis(hexane-6,1-diyl)bis (ALC-3015) (2- hexyldecanoate),2-[(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-N,N-ditetradecylacetamide (ALC-0159) 1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphocholine (DPSC) cholesterol

Salts potassium chloride monobasic potassium phosphate sodium chloride basic sodium phosphate dihydrate

Other sucrose

Reading the ingredient list is like looking at the side of a cereal box, except that you need a degree in organic chemistry to understand it. We got help from various scientists and biotech entrepreneurs to understand what each of the ingredients does and make some educated guesses about others.

The mRNA

Pfizer’s vaccine is the first on the market that consists of actual genetic information from a virus in the form of messenger RNA, or mRNA, a type of molecule whose usual job is to transport copies of genetic instructions around a cell to guide the assembly of proteins. Imagine an mRNA as a long ticker tape carrying instructions. It’s fairly delicate stuff, and that’s why Pfizer’s vaccine needs to be kept at around -100 °F (-73 °C) until it’s used.

The new vaccine, delivered as a shot in the arm muscle, contains an RNA sequence taken from the virus itself; it causes cells to manufacture the big “spike” protein of the coronavirus, which the pathogen uses to glom onto a person’s cells and gain entry. On its own, without the rest of the virus, the spike is pretty harmless. But your body still reacts to it. This is what leaves you immunized and ready to repel the real virus if it turns up.

The mRNA in the vaccine, to be sure, isn’t quite the same as the stuff in your body. That’s good, because a cell is full of defenses ready to chop up RNA, especially any that doesn’t belong there. To avoid that, what’s known as “modified nucleosides” have been substituted for some of the mRNA building blocks.

But Pfizer is holding back a little. The spike gene sequence can be tweaked in small ways for better performance, by means that include swapping letters. We don’t think Pfizer has said exactly what sequence it is using, or what modified nucleosides. That means the content of the shot may not be 100% public.

The lipids

The Pfizer vaccine, like one from Moderna, uses lipid nanoparticles to encase the RNA. The nanoparticles are, basically, tiny greasy spheres that protect the mRNA and help it slide inside cells.

These particles are probably around 100 nanometers across. Curiously, that’s about the same size as the coronavirus itself.

Pfizer says it uses four different lipids in a “defined ratio.” The lipid ALC-0315 is the primary ingredient in the formulation. That’s because it’s ionizable—it can be given a positive charge, and since the RNA has a negative one, they stick together. It’s also a component that can cause side-effects or allergic reactions. The other lipids, one of which is the familiar molecule cholesterol, are “helpers” that give structural integrity to the nanoparticles or stop them from clumping. During manufacturing, the RNA and the lipids are stirred into a bubbly mix to form what the FDA describes as a “white to off-white” frozen liquid.

Salts

The Pfizer vaccine contains four salts, one of which is ordinary table salt. Together, these salts are better known as phosphate-buffered saline, or PBS, a very common ingredient that keeps the pH, or acidity, of the vaccine close to that of a person’s body. You’ll understand how important that is if you’ve ever squeezed lemon juice on a cut. Substances with the wrong acidity can injure cells or get quickly degraded.

Sugar

The vaccine includes plain old sugar, also called sucrose. It’s acting here as a cryoprotectant to safeguard the nanoparticles when they’re frozen and stop them from sticking together.

Saline solution

Before injection, the vaccine is mixed with water containing sodium chloride, or ordinary salt, just as many intravenously delivered drugs are. Again, the idea is that the injection should more or less match the salt content of the blood.

No preservatives

Pfizer makes a point of saying its mixture of lipid nanoparticles and mRNA is “preservative-free.” That’s because a preservative that’s been used in other vaccines, thimerosal (which contains mercury and is there to kill any bacteria that might contaminate a vial), has been at the center of worries around over whether vaccines cause autism. The US Centers for Disease Control says thimerosal is safe; despite that, its use is being phased out. There is no thimerosal—or any other preservative—in the Pfizer vaccine. No microchips, either.

The vaccine is still known by the code name BNT162b, but once it’s authorized, expect Pfizer to give it a new, commercial name that conveys something about what’s in it and what it promises for the world.

We thank the following people for explaining the vaccine ingredients: Jacob Becraft and Aalok Shah, Strand Therapeutics; Yizhou Dong, Ohio State University; Jason Underwood, Pacific Biosciences; Andrey Zarur, Greenlight Biosciences; Charles L. Cooney, MIT; and the communications staffs of Pfizer and Moderna Therapeutics.


TOPICS: News/Current Events
KEYWORDS: 1sugar; 2spice; 3everythingnice; antivaxxers; covid19; covidvaccine; doomscrolling; doomsurfing; hysteria; nanoparticles; pfizer; stillmrna; vaccine
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To: Triple

Ran across something interesting, perhaps sourced from Pfizer documents.

https://principia-scientific.com/stay-away-from-the-vaxxed-it-is-official-from-pfizers-own-docs/


21 posted on 05/09/2021 8:24:03 PM PDT by Ozark Tom
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To: Triple

You are concerned that modified nucleosides in Covid mRNA vaccine are carcinogenic.

According to Pfizer description, vaccine contains 0.3 micrograms of mRNA. The mRNA consists of no less than 3819 nucleotides (nucleosides plus phosphoric group) coding S-protein (1273 amino acids). Which means one nucleotide weighs ~0.08 nanogram. Let’s assume for simplicity that mRNA contains ten modified nucleosides that are the cause of your concern. Together they weigh ~0.8 nanograms. Is it a lot? Imagine a droplet of water - it’s weight is ~300 ng. So, the total weight of ten nucleosides can’t exceed ~1/400th of a water droplet. Most likely, such calculations are over-optimistic and in reality this number is significantly lower. Even if those nucleosides were carcinogenic (and we have no indication they are), their amounts are so miniscule, that we probably inhale hundred times more of carcinogens when we drive a car in a city, every second. It is amazing that such tiny quantities of mRNA can be expressed in a few cells and produce S-protein detected by human immune system which, in turn, elicit immune response - production of antibodies to fight the actual virus.


22 posted on 05/09/2021 8:30:46 PM PDT by exinnj
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To: Karl Spooner

Leave Pfizer alone!!

They were just about to turn their reputation around...then you go posting that.

😉


23 posted on 05/09/2021 8:35:12 PM PDT by Jane Long (America, Bless God....blessed be the Nation 🙏🏻🇺🇸)
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To: Triple

Does all this wear off and your immune system return to normal? Does the override stop at some point? Is this permanent?


24 posted on 05/09/2021 8:45:40 PM PDT by mom.mom (...our flag was still there.)
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To: Triple

I heard that was pretty good stuff; my fav is either Amstel or Artois.


25 posted on 05/09/2021 8:51:59 PM PDT by SkyDancer (If At First You Don't Succeed ~ So Much For Skydiving)
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To: Triple
And, it is still allowed only for experimental use.

Have the people who have gotten the jab, have they been given any compensation like those people involved in official experimental research? Or, warnings as to side effects?

I'd say that is a big no.

26 posted on 05/09/2021 9:13:38 PM PDT by Slyfox (Not my circus, not my monkeys)
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To: Gene Eric

LOL. Yeah, I am with you. These ingredients don’t make me want to go out immediately to get these in my body...

I take flu vaccinations and the pneumonia one, but this one I am a little reluctant.


27 posted on 05/09/2021 9:19:29 PM PDT by ChinaGotTheGoodsOnClinton (Dems: We cheated fair and square!!!)
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To: ChinaGotTheGoodsOnClinton

At least with the flu vaccinations, there’s a rich history of statistical data.

Prescient handle ;)


28 posted on 05/09/2021 9:25:51 PM PDT by Gene Eric (Don't be a statist!)
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To: Ozark Tom; Jane Long
You don't want to miss this one!

From the link:

"Pfizer’s own documents state both inhalation and skin contact will transmit whatever is in the vax from the vaccinated to the unvaccinated."

29 posted on 05/09/2021 9:33:29 PM PDT by Karl Spooner
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To: mom.mom

Nope. That is one of the major problems with this protein production concoction. There is no off switch. They are injecting 2-4 millions of these things into you. The two shot doses uses 1 million the first dose and around 4 million the second dose. This is way more than you would get in a normal infection. I’ve read that an infection will produce about 100,000 virus clones after 8 hours on the high side and around 1,00 or so on the low side. Your immune system will then do battle once they leave the killed cell. No way can your body fight off 1 million invaders.


30 posted on 05/09/2021 10:50:07 PM PDT by USAF80
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To: Karl Spooner

The perfect biological weapon. You would need an antidote or risk the danger of killing off the planet.


31 posted on 05/09/2021 10:56:55 PM PDT by USAF80
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To: USAF80

Carcinogenic and no off switch. Nice.

Do we have to know anything else?


32 posted on 05/10/2021 12:32:09 AM PDT by miserare ( Respect for life--life of all kinds-- is the first principle of civilization.~~A. Schweitzer.)
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To: Slyfox

Female prisoners at the SCI in Muncy, Pa., were paid $25 each for taking the shot.


33 posted on 05/10/2021 12:36:01 AM PDT by miserare ( Respect for life--life of all kinds-- is the first principle of civilization.~~A. Schweitzer.)
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To: Triple

34 posted on 05/10/2021 4:19:27 AM PDT by Travis McGee (EnemiesForeignAndDomestic.com)
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To: mom.mom

Good questions.

Haven’t seen anything close to an answer.


35 posted on 05/10/2021 4:38:48 AM PDT by Triple (Socialism denies people the right to the fruits of their labor, and is as abhorrent as slavery)
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To: mak5
Polyethylene glycol.

PEG is an approved food and cosmetic additive. It is not ethylene glycol or antifreeze.

36 posted on 05/10/2021 5:07:18 AM PDT by IndispensableDestiny
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To: exinnj

Do you really judge the human safety of a molecule by its weight or volume?

Please, let the people that do this for a living know. They waste tons of time testing and measuring results. Where have you been?

Ps: these things can be nasty

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2861763/#Sec1title

A Systematic Review of Side Effects of Nucleoside and Nucleotide Drugs Used for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B

Vandana Khungar and Steven-Huy Han

Additional article information

Abstract

Although nucleosides and nucleotides have a good safety record for the treatment of hepatitis B, there have been no systematic reviews on this topic. We searched Medline to include studies of the oral antiviral agents for hepatitis B and adverse events, with at least 48 weeks of follow-up from the initiation of treatment with the drug. Important toxicities include nephrotoxicity, myopathy, and resistance. It is often difficult to ascertain whether an adverse effect is from the study drug or the natural progression of the disease. Further safety data are needed for the newer agents and for all agents with regard to patients with decompensated liver disease, renal dysfunction, the elderly, children, and pregnant women.


37 posted on 05/10/2021 5:20:20 AM PDT by Triple (Socialism denies people the right to the fruits of their labor, and is as abhorrent as slavery)
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To: Karl Spooner

The entire summary reads like a horror movie.

Especially the EDP....exposure during pregnancy part.

Here’s just a part of that....

“ The investigator will follow the pregnancy until completion (or until pregnancy termination) and notify Pfizer Safety of the outcome as a follow-up to the initial EDP Supplemental Form. In the case of a live birth, the structural integrity of the neonate can be assessed at the time of birth. In the event of a termination, the reason(s) for termination should be specified and, if clinically possible, the structural integrity of the terminated fetus should be assessed by gross visual inspection (unless preprocedure test findings are conclusive for a congenital anomaly and the findings are reported).“

Mengele would be so proud of this.

😢


38 posted on 05/10/2021 5:22:06 AM PDT by Jane Long (America, Bless God....blessed be the Nation 🙏🏻🇺🇸)
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To: All
No preservatives

Pfizer makes a point of saying its mixture of lipid nanoparticles and mRNA is “preservative-free.” That’s because a preservative that’s been used in other vaccines, thimerosal (which contains mercury and is there to kill any bacteria that might contaminate a vial), has been at the center of worries around over whether vaccines cause autism. The US Centers for Disease Control says thimerosal is safe; despite that, its use is being phased out. There is no thimerosal—or any other preservative—in the Pfizer vaccine. No microchips, either.

Is the microchips add-in comment MIT's attempt at being cutesy while informing the rubes about the "science"?

Why not go all-in and tell us there are no nanobots in the ingredients!

39 posted on 05/10/2021 5:22:39 AM PDT by Prov1322 (Enjoy my wife's incredible artwork at www.watercolorARTwork.com! (This space no longer for rent))
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To: Triple

bkmk


40 posted on 05/10/2021 5:56:49 AM PDT by sauropod (Chance favors the prepared mind.)
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