re: What is ‘The Russians’ had to over drive or send signals to our space vehicles?
Were there any telemetry data security or ways to maintain our control and deny anyone else access, at that time, 1969 ?
Fortunately, the Soviets (at that time) were “infrastructure” (and technology) poor; they could not develop the amount of RF power (energy) required to be stronger than NASA and neither did they have the gear to create the ‘data’ and RF waveform to do so.
They must have had some success listening from their “fishing trawlers” just outside the national limit.