I think the “rules” are that the EU is supposed to try and talk them out of leaving. So there might be more behind the scenes than we think.
I hope the Queen lives long enough to make this happen. Charlie will screw it up.
Not too much. The UK won't be allowed to participate in EU business about it's departure. An explanation here...
http://www.euronews.com/2016/06/24/article-50-of-the-lisbon-treaty-explained/