In my engineering classes, the professor included in his course syllibus the equations he used to normalize grades to a Bell curve. The average grade in that class was a “C”, mathematically derived from the scores of every test, quiz and homework assignment.
There were equal numbers of “D” grades as “B” grades, and the number of “F” grades equaled the number of “A” grades.
We had to bust our butts to get a “C”.
I have heard of courses where the professor “Skewed to the Left”- This is where more students failed than got A’s, and more D’s than B’s.
Oh, and if the A students didn’t get over 60% on the test, they got dropped to a “B” anyway (”C” for below 50%). Hardly anyone got an A in that course (Once in a 2 year occurrence). BTW, the average score was a 27%.