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Evolutionary Humanism: the Antithesis
The Post Chronicle ^ | Sept. 18, 2007 | Linda Kimball

Posted on 09/18/2007 10:23:38 AM PDT by spirited irish

The worldview of Evolutionary Humanism (or scientific naturalism) has two central components. The first is metaphysical; the second epistemological. Metaphysically, Evolutionary Humanism infers that the natural or material realm either self-created or has existed eternally. This doctrine is known as scientism. In addition, this worldview teaches us to believe that everything---including life and intelligence---came about through unseen (immaterial) processes of motion called evolution. Epistemologically, it demands that sensory knowledge (empiricism) be the only authoritative source of knowledge.

In the words of the Humanist Manifesto II: “Knowledge of the world is derived by observation, experimentation, and rational analysis…science is the best method for determining this knowledge…” This principle is a universal limitation on knowledge requiring that knowledge be restricted to only that which can be empirically determined (sensed). In short, if it can’t be touched, seen under a microscope, measured, counted, weighed, or otherwise sensed, then it doesn’t exist, meaning that the immaterial or metaphysical realm does not exist.

This worldview’s two-part metaphysical creation story revolves around the atomic theory of matter and evolutionary theory. According to the former, all chemical change is the result of the rearrangement of unseen (immaterial) tiny parts---protons, neutrons, and electrons. By authority of the latter (evolutionary theory), we are expected to believe that random mutations or incremental changes (rearrangement of tiny unseen parts) over time are mostly responsible for causing macro-changes. In other words, this unseen process of change miraculously caused bacteria to change into fish which in turn changed into lizards which then changed into proto-apes which then changed into man. Through this same process, dinosaurs changed into hummingbirds, chickadees, flamingos, and such. Because all life forms emerged out of the same primordial bacterial stew, bacteria are the common ancestors of all life forms. By extension, all life forms share the same genetic material; therefore the idea of species distinctions is a fiction. This makes man a Heinz 57 mutt whose material brain possesses genetic material from bacteria, lizards, fish, and apes. In the words of John Darnton in the San Francisco Chronicle in 2005:

“We are all of us, dogs and barnacles, pigeons and crabgrass…equally remarkable and equally dispensable.” (Quote from, “Human Beings Deserve the Right to Life Because They Are Human,” Wesley J. Smith, Life News, 8/27/07)

With profound faith in the humanist worldview, evolutionists and fellow travelers view themselves as thoroughly ‘modern’ ‘progressive’ and ‘intellectually enlightened.’ From their lofty perches they look down their noses in utter contempt and disdain upon the unwashed masses (defenders of God and America’s founding Judao-Christian worldview) for continuing to believe the unenlightened view that man is created in God’s image rather than accepting the ‘enlightened’ superstition that mans’ common ancestor is mindless bacteria. Believing they have arisen to spectacular intellectual heights, in reality the so-called ‘enlightened ones’ have fallen into the abyss of the most absurdly stupid and dangerously delusional belief system the world has yet witnessed. How can this be? Briefly, the entirety of their worldview (including its evolutionary creation story) is not itself scientifically testable. By failing to meet its own empirical requirements, it refutes itself. Yes, here we come to now understand why the emperor has no clothes.

This embarrassingly insurmountable intellectual problem occurs precisely because of humanism’s anti-God and metaphysical bias. Rejecting God and metaphysics is destructive of reason and science. In short, it’s not just anti-intellectual it’s also an insanity inducing deception.

Metaphysics

The word metaphysics is based on the compound of two Greek words meta (after, beyond) and physika (physics, nature). It literally means beyond the physical or knowledge that exists beyond the physical world of sensory perception. Metaphysics is the study of the ultimate nature of reality, that is to say, it encompasses both natural and supernatural realms in its investigation of the origin, structure, and nature of what is real.

Greg L. Bahnsen tells us that worldviews are networks of metaphysical presuppositions and principles “regarding reality (metaphysics), knowing (epistemology), and conduct (ethics) in terms of which every element of human experience is related and interpreted.”(Pushing the Antithesis, p. 280)

Presuppositions provide both foundation and framework for worldviews. Crucial to the process of reason, presuppositions provide starting points and standards of authority by which truth and error are evaluated, the real and unreal can be identified, and the possible and impossible are determined. For instance, “In the beginning, Nothing---then a spark--- then Matter…” (spontaneous generation or something from nothing) is the foundational metaphysical presupposition by which evolutionary humanists determined through a peculiar reasoning process that only the sensory realm exists.

Universals are truths of an immaterial or non-sensory nature and are crucial to the understanding, organizing, and interpreting of particular truths within the context of the material world. Universals are metaphysical constructs such as concepts (i.e., inalienable rights), standards, principles (i.e., our founding principles), moral values, laws, and categorical statements. The Laws of Logic, so vitally important to the practice of science, reason, and coherent communication, are universals.

Metaphysical presuppositions and universals can’t be seen under a microscope, held in the hand, measured, weighed, or otherwise detected by the five senses yet they do exist. They exist within the supernatural or immaterial realm and are absolutely essential to the process of reason and the practice of science.

Additionally, scientists constantly deal with the unseen or immaterial realm in the form of subatomic particles, gravity, numbers, natural laws, laws of thought, causation, and memory (vital to scientific experimentation).

The whole theory of evolution, which drives and authenticates modern materialist presuppositions and assumptions, is a non-sensory (metaphysical) theoretical projection back into time. Yet despite that no scientist was there to witness it nor has anyone ever observed the creation of other universes or witnessed one kind of life change into a different kind, the theory of evolution is nevertheless proclaimed by many to be an empirically determined fact.

In principle, evolutionary humanists cannot even count, weigh, or measure (all of which are essential to the practice of science) because these acts involve an immaterial concept of law (a universal). Additionally, the postulation of universal order, a view necessary to making counting, weighing, and measuring intelligible, contradicts the materialist (metaphysical) proposition that the universe is a random or chance material realm. Furthermore, counting, weighing, and measuring call for immaterial entities which are uniform, orderly, and predictable. This once again contradicts the materialist proposition of continuous and random change over time.

Within the anti-intellectual straitjacket of the sensory realm, reason and science are destroyed. Empirical learning, reason, and intellectual inquiry are impossible without metaphysical presuppositions, universals, and assumptions.

As it is, evolutionary humanists do in fact reason, theorize, propose, presuppose, assume, hypothesize, count, weigh, measure, and practice science. They simply cannot give a philosophically principled account of how they “know” to do these things. All of which highlights the glaring dialectical tensions (i.e., hypocrisy, revisionism, deceptions, self-delusions, outright lying, mysticism) which of necessity are endemic to the humanist worldview.

Yet despite its colossal intellectual and moral failings, Evolutionary Humanism is now the dominant worldview in our secularized schools, colleges, universities, and government at every level. Additionally, it has made inroads into Christian schools, seminaries, and churches.

Regarding education in America, its’ direction can be seen as a downward spiral from Jonathan Edwards (1750) and the Christian influence, down to Horace Mann (1842) and the Unitarian influence, and yet further down to John Dewey (1933) and the evolutionary humanist take-over of our education institutions.

In the words of Charles F. Potter, signatory of the first Humanist Manifesto, 1933,

“Education is thus a most powerful ally of humanism, and every public school is a school of humanism. What can the theistic Sunday school, meeting for an hour once a week, and teaching only a fraction of the children, do to stem the tide of a five-day program of humanistic teachings?”

Today, our classrooms are but transmission belts for the weird moral fetishes of humanist indoctrination; a mind-befogging and immorality-inducing process that leads to the adoption of atheism, materialism, politically correct ‘new morality,’ inhumanity, evolutionism, Cultural Marxism, New World Orderism, multiculturalism, sexual egalitarianism (hedonism/androgyny), cruelty, and other destructive anti-traditional views. As a consequence, Americans (and Christians) are walking away from America’s founding worldview---as well as God and their inalienable rights---due to the teaching of Evolutionary Humanism. After being befuddled, filled with unreasoning hatred and paranoid fear of God, Christianity, Orthodox Judaism, and traditional-values America, Americans’ become their own worst enemies. For as they mindlessly destroy traditional-values America in pursuit of universal peace, tolerance, diversity, and inclusion, they are unknowingly setting the stage for their own eventual enslavement and perhaps even death, as Evolutionary Humanism has a proven track-record of mass murder (genocide).

A brief comparison of our founding worldview versus Evolutionary Humanism’s three major permutations---Secular Humanism, Leninism-Marxism, and Post Modernism, will show us why this is occurring.

America’s Founding Judao-Christian Worldview 1. Theology: biblical theism 2. Philosophy: God/supernaturalism/metaphysics 3. Ethics: moral absolutes/Ten Commandments/sanctity of life 4. Biology: Creation 5. Psychology: mind/body dualism 6. Sociology: traditional family, church, state 7. Law: Divine/Natural Law 8. Politics: inalienable rights, individual freedom, justice, order 9. Economics: stewardship of property (private property), free markets

Secular Humanism, Marxism-Leninism, Post Modernism 1. Theology: atheism, atheism, atheism 2. Philosophy: naturalism, dialectical materialism, anti-realism 3. Ethics: moral relativism, proletariat morality, moral and cultural relativism 4. Biology: neo-Darwinism, punctuated evolution, punctuated evolution 5. Psychology: monism (self-actualization), monism (behaviorism), monism (socially constructed selves) 6. Sociology: alternative lifestyles and State control of children, classless society and State control of children, sexual egalitarianism and State control of children 7. Law: positive law, proletariat law, critical legal studies 8. Politics: secular world government, communist world government, secular world government 9. Economics: state control of resources, scientific socialism, state control of resources

As can be seen by this brief comparison, Evolutionary Humanism is not just the antithesis of our founding worldview it is completely destructive of it as well.

Observes William F. Buckley on the disintegration of traditional-values America,

“The most influential educators of our time---John Dewey, William Kilpatrick, George Counts, Harold Rugg, and the lot---are out to build a New Social Order. There is not enough room…for…religion (Christianity). It clearly won’t do…to foster within some schools a respect for an absolute, intractable God, a divine intelligence who is utterly unconcerned with other people’s versions of truth…It won’t do to tolerate a competitor for the allegiance of man. The State prefers a secure monopoly for itself…Religion (Christianity), then, must go…The fight is being won. Academic freedom is entrenched. Religion (Christianity) is outlawed in public schools. The New Social Order is larruping along.” (“Let Us Talk of Many Things,” p. 9-10)

Copyright Linda Kimball 2007 PatriotsandLiberty http://patriotsandliberty.com/

Linda is the author of numerous published articles and essays on culture, politics, and worldview. Her writings are published both nationally and internationally. Linda is a member of MoveOff.net/

Sources: Pushing the Antithesis, Greg L. Bahnsen Understanding the Times, David Noebel What is Scientific Naturalism? J.P. Moreland

Related Articles Can America Survive Evolutionary Humanism? Cultural Marxism


TOPICS: Philosophy
KEYWORDS: antithesis; communism; evolutionarytheory; humanism
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To: Kevmo
Religious apologetics is the effort to show that the preferred faith is not irrational, that believing in it is not against human reason, and that in fact the religion contains values and promotes ways of life more in accord with human nature than other faiths or beliefs.

No problem when stated this way.

The pejorative sense of the word comes from defending the indefensible.

The threatened torture of Galileo, for example. Or the Inquisition. Or opposition to science in general.

201 posted on 09/24/2007 5:29:04 AM PDT by js1138
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To: b_sharp; Alamo-Girl; Kevmo; hosepipe; spirited irish; metmom
Today the term "apologist" is colloquially applied in a general manner to include groups and individuals systematically promoting causes, justifying orthodoxies, or denying certain events, even of crimes. Apologists have been characterized as being deceptive, or "whitewashing" their cause, primarily through omission of negative facts (selective perception) and exaggeration of positive ones **, techniques of classical rhetoric.

Then it follows that some neo-Darwinists are apologists.

BTW, Plato gives Socrates' "apology" -- in the sense of "taking on the points in arguments, conflicts or positions that are either placed under popular scrutinies or viewed under persecutory examinations" -- in its classical form.

However, Wikipedia -- not surprisingly -- gets it wrong when they say that "'being deceptive', or 'whitewashing' their cause, primarily through omission of negative facts (selective perception) and exaggeration of positive ones **," are "the techniques of classical rhetoric." Nothing could be farther from the truth: They are the techniques of sophism, against which Socrates and Plato waged unremitting war -- in defense of classical reason. Indeed, it would be unexceptional to state that the reason the "gadfly" Socrates was accused of "impiety" and "contributing to the delinquency of minors" (charges that convicted him and led to his death) was because he offended too many sophists and their politically ambitious followers....

Hello! and greetings to Virginia-American and longshadow, your fellow "brothers in pondscum." Nice try, but it doesn't wash.

202 posted on 09/24/2007 6:44:49 AM PDT by betty boop ("Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind." -- A. Einstein)
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To: betty boop; Kevmo; b_sharp; hosepipe; spirited irish; metmom
Thank you all so very much for this fascinating sidebar!

It is interesting that so many science threads end up with sidebars on semantics. As in so many other cases, the term "apologist" can be delivered academically or pejoratively.

However, Wikipedia -- not surprisingly -- gets it wrong when they say that "'being deceptive', or 'whitewashing' their cause, primarily through omission of negative facts (selective perception) and exaggeration of positive ones **," are "the techniques of classical rhetoric." Nothing could be farther from the truth: They are the techniques of sophism, against which Socrates and Plato waged unremitting war -- in defense of classical reason.

Wikipedia has itself been highly discredited on this forum for being biased which I gather would include "being deceptive" or "whitewashing" their causes or "selective perception." LOLOL!

203 posted on 09/24/2007 9:43:08 AM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: js1138

I can prove to you that I never threatened torture of Galileo, , or was involved in the Inquisition, nor shown opposition to science in general. ;-)

Now, I have had a few choice words I would have said to the person who developed Differential Equations, but we don’t need to go there.


204 posted on 09/24/2007 9:49:46 AM PDT by Kevmo (We should withdraw from Iraq — via Tehran. And Duncan Hunter is just the man to get that job done.)
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To: betty boop; b_sharp; Alamo-Girl; hosepipe; spirited irish; metmom; Coyoteman

Then it follows that some neo-Darwinists are apologists.
***Yup, and you stole the wind from my sails — that’s where I was headed. I was going to drop that one on Coyoteman, but he of course could see it coming from a mile away. That’s probably why he didn’t want to answer the yes or no question.


205 posted on 09/24/2007 9:58:08 AM PDT by Kevmo (We should withdraw from Iraq — via Tehran. And Duncan Hunter is just the man to get that job done.)
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To: Kevmo

LOLOL!


206 posted on 09/24/2007 9:59:29 AM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: Kevmo; b_sharp; Coyoteman; Alamo-Girl
Yup, and you stole the wind from my sails

Ooooopppps, Kevmo -- I didn't mean to! Either way, our tag-teaming friends from "far away" are "hoist on their own petard".... :^)

207 posted on 09/24/2007 10:12:45 AM PDT by betty boop ("Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind." -- A. Einstein)
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To: betty boop

Indeed. LOLOL!


208 posted on 09/24/2007 10:46:39 AM PDT by Alamo-Girl
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To: spirited irish
This is why all those running for President should be thoroughly vetted!

Walter Mondale

1-Humanist Manifesto

2-HUMANISM AND ITS ASPIRATIONS

3-WALTER MONDALE ~ Flo Certified as Humanist Counselor


209 posted on 09/24/2007 10:47:37 AM PDT by restornu (No one is perfect but you can always strive to do the right thing! Press Forward Mitt!)
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As it is, evolutionary humanists do in fact reason, theorize, propose, presuppose, assume, hypothesize, count, weigh, measure, and practice science. They simply cannot give a philosophically principled account of how they “know” to do these things. All of which highlights the glaring dialectical tensions (i.e., hypocrisy, revisionism, deceptions, self-delusions, outright lying, mysticism) which of necessity are endemic to the humanist worldview.

Yet despite its colossal intellectual and moral failings, Evolutionary Humanism is now the dominant worldview in our secularized schools, colleges, universities, and government at every level. Additionally, it has made inroads into Christian schools, seminaries, and churches.

Regarding education in America, its’ direction can be seen as a downward spiral from Jonathan Edwards (1750) and the Christian influence, down to Horace Mann (1842) and the Unitarian influence, and yet further down to John Dewey (1933) and the evolutionary humanist take-over of our education institutions.

In the words of Charles F. Potter, signatory of the first Humanist Manifesto, 1933,

“Education is thus a most powerful ally of humanism, and every public school is a school of humanism. What can the theistic Sunday school, meeting for an hour once a week, and teaching only a fraction of the children, do to stem the tide of a five-day program of humanistic teachings?”

Today, our classrooms are but transmission belts for the weird moral fetishes of humanist indoctrination; a mind-befogging and immorality-inducing process that leads to the adoption of atheism, materialism, politically correct ‘new morality,’ inhumanity, evolutionism, Cultural Marxism, New World Orderism, multiculturalism, sexual egalitarianism (hedonism/androgyny), cruelty, and other destructive anti-traditional views. As a consequence, Americans (and Christians) are walking away from America’s founding worldview — as well as God and their inalienable rights — due to the teaching of Evolutionary Humanism.

After being befuddled, filled with unreasoning hatred and paranoid fear of God, Christianity, Orthodox Judaism, and traditional-values America, Americans’ become their own worst enemies. For as they mindlessly destroy traditional-values America in pursuit of universal peace, tolerance, diversity, and inclusion, they are unknowingly setting the stage for their own eventual enslavement and perhaps even death, as Evolutionary Humanism has a proven track-record of mass murder (genocide).

A brief comparison of our founding worldview versus Evolutionary Humanism’s three major permutations — Secular Humanism, Leninism-Marxism, and Post Modernism, will show us why this is occurring.

America’s Founding Judao-Christian Worldview
1. Theology: biblical theism
2. Philosophy: God/supernaturalism/metaphysics
3. Ethics: moral absolutes/Ten Commandments/sanctity of life
4. Biology: Creation
5. Psychology: mind/body dualism
6. Sociology: traditional family, church, state
7. Law: Divine/Natural Law
8. Politics: inalienable rights, individual freedom, justice, order
9. Economics: stewardship of property (private property), free markets

Secular Humanism, Marxism-Leninism, Post Modernism
1. Theology: atheism, atheism, atheism
2. Philosophy: naturalism, dialectical materialism, anti-realism
3. Ethics: moral relativism, proletariat morality, moral and cultural relativism
4. Biology: neo-Darwinism, punctuated evolution, punctuated evolution
5. Psychology: monism (self-actualization), monism (behaviorism), monism (socially constructed selves)
6. Sociology: alternative lifestyles and State control of children, classless society and State control of children, sexual egalitarianism and State control of children
7. Law: positive law, proletariat law, critical legal studies
8. Politics: secular world government, communist world government, secular world government
9. Economics: state control of resources, scientific socialism, state control of resources

As can be seen by this brief comparison, Evolutionary Humanism is not just the antithesis of our founding worldview, it is completely destructive of it as well.

Observes William F. Buckley on the disintegration of traditional-values America:

“The most influential educators of our time — John Dewey, William Kilpatrick, George Counts, Harold Rugg, and the lot — are out to build a New Social Order. There is not enough room...for...religion (Christianity). It clearly won’t do...to foster within some schools a respect for an absolute, intractable God, a divine intelligence who is utterly unconcerned with other people’s versions of truth... It won’t do to tolerate a competitor for the allegiance of man. The State prefers a secure monopoly for itself... Religion (Christianity), then, must go... The fight is being won. Academic freedom is entrenched. Religion (Christianity) is outlawed in public schools. The New Social Order is larruping along.” (”Let Us Talk of Many Things,” p. 9-10)


210 posted on 09/24/2007 10:49:36 AM PDT by restornu (No one is perfect but you can always strive to do the right thing! Press Forward Mitt!)
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To: Kevmo
Then it follows that some neo-Darwinists are apologists.

I will readily concede that many science writers are incompetent or incautious.

I will concede that some competent scientists write rubbish outside their field of training.

I would tend to apply the term apologetics to criticisms of science based on writings rather than on primary data or on widely affirmed theoretical interpretations.

211 posted on 09/24/2007 11:28:33 AM PDT by js1138
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To: restornu

In the words of Charles F. Potter, signatory of the first Humanist Manifesto, 1933,

“Education is thus a most powerful ally of humanism, and every public school is a school of humanism. What can the theistic Sunday school, meeting for an hour once a week, and teaching only a fraction of the children, do to stem the tide of a five-day program of humanistic teachings?”
***Bump for later reference so I don’t have to remember who wrote this.


212 posted on 09/24/2007 11:55:57 AM PDT by Kevmo (We should withdraw from Iraq — via Tehran. And Duncan Hunter is just the man to get that job done.)
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To: js1138
Interesting attempt, but what I said was:

[statement B]What math and science both have that philosophy and theology lack is a combination of usefulness, internal consistency, and cross cultural consensus.

That was something you said, ostensibly as a clarification of:

[statement A]Logic is of little value when you set up your definitions so you can’t lose an argument.

Now, you have clarified statement B with the summation:

[statement C]Both math and science are judged primarily by their usefulness.

I think it is fair enough to conclude your statement A was a was not worthy of what seems to be a more reasonable view on your part. Whether you own up or not, let us proceed as if it were a misstatement.

As I understand it, the original motivation behind statement A was that philosophy and theology were too "convenient" in the way they were set up. But that seems rather close to the criteria you say we judge science and math on: usefulness. Where "convenience" is bad, and "usefulness" is good.

I will grant you there may be a difference between the two, but it seems you are a hair's breadth from supporting some philosophies on the same grounds that you show disdain for others. Perhaps you should flesh out this difference a little. Might it be that you would have to consider some theology "useful"? From a Darwinian view, why else would our species have evolved a positive disposition to it?

Alas, I'm even afraid the problem with an original causality argument that set all this off, is not just that it was too "convenient", but that it was too "convenient" at what it was "used" for. Specifically to debunk naturalism.

Now if that is not a use one likes, then I suppose one should reject such arguments for not being "useful". And indeed some cultures will probably be prone to reject it more then others, although acceptance and rejection of such is probably more closely tied to subcultures. For instance rejection among naturalists and atheists might be almost universal. For them a good argument against their belief system has very little use.

With that, I'm afraid the fork should be stuck in this one. Its done.

213 posted on 09/24/2007 11:57:40 AM PDT by AndyTheBear (Disastrous social experimentation is the opiate of elitist snobs.)
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To: js1138

I will readily concede that many science writers are incompetent or incautious.
***OK, makes sense.

I will concede that some competent scientists write rubbish outside their field of training.
***OK again, makes sense.

I would tend to apply the term apologetics to criticisms of science based on writings rather than on primary data or on widely affirmed theoretical interpretations.
***What? Here it appears to me that you’re trying to stick to a connotative meaning of the word “apologetics”, am I right? In your own words, “The pejorative sense of the word comes from defending the indefensible.” Why not just drop the useless word and substitute what you really mean, like I was asking of Coyoteman? The insinuation coming from evolutionists appears to be “You seem to be doing pure ‘defense of religious beliefs.’”

...to criticisms of science based on writings rather than on primary data or on widely affirmed theoretical interpretations.
***Please have a look at post #185 and show me where I have criticized science, or ignored primary data. That whole comment on “widely affirmed theoretical interpretations” is pretty much what this thread is about. The first guys to propose continental drift theory were going against “widely affirmed theoretical interpretations” at the time, but exactly what science was being disregarded? NONE. The fact that most scientists at the time didn’t accept the proposal is an indicator that using this as a measure is unacceptably wrongheaded. Science is not a popularity contest.


214 posted on 09/24/2007 12:13:18 PM PDT by Kevmo (We should withdraw from Iraq — via Tehran. And Duncan Hunter is just the man to get that job done.)
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To: Kevmo
The first guys to propose continental drift theory were going against “widely affirmed theoretical interpretations” at the time, but exactly what science was being disregarded? NONE.

I know a fair amount about the history of this, because I took Physical Geology just a couple of years before plate tectonics was announced. The opposition to continental drift as based on the lack of a mechanism making it possible. Most geologists believed it happened; they just didn't know how. My class presented all the known supporting evidence (of which there was a lot).

Continental drift accounted for a lot of data, but didn't explain what was going on. Science was correct to be agnostic about a hypothesis that appeared to defy physics.

I don't spend a lot of time arguing about word usage, because words don't change facts on the ground. If you don't approve someone's use of the term apologetics, that's fine with me. I merely described what I think is going on. Anti-evolutionists throw up a huge smoke screen of arguments from consequence and arguments from misquotation to hide the fact that all available evidence is compatible with common descent.

215 posted on 09/24/2007 12:37:08 PM PDT by js1138
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To: AndyTheBear
Might it be that you would have to consider some theology "useful"? From a Darwinian view, why else would our species have evolved a positive disposition to it?

Useful is a loaded word. Evolution describes how inherited characteristics affect reproductive success. Not all "useful" traits involve physical prowess. Some, like peacock feathers and verbal fluency, just increase a male's chances of getting laid. I wouldn't be surprised if religious behavior fell into this category, but such speculations are cheap, and worth every penny.

216 posted on 09/24/2007 12:42:38 PM PDT by js1138
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To: js1138

I have found the scientific response to continental drift to be instructive in terms of how science deals with controversies. When scientism adherents fall back on the “most scientists believe” argument, it rings hollow with me.

Again I ask you to please look at #185 and let us know what science has been overlooked or disregarded.

Some Wikipedia notes on Continental Drift and the scientific method.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift

One of the main problems with Wegener’s theory was that he believed that the continents “plowed” through the rocks of the ocean basins. Most geologists did not believe that this could be possible. In fact, the biggest objection to Wegener was that he did not have an acceptable theory of the forces that caused the continents to drift. He also ignored counter-arguments and evidence contrary to his theory and seemed too willing to interpret ambiguous evidence as being favorable to his theory.[4] For their part, the geologists ignored Wegener’s copious body of evidence, allowing their adherence to a theory to override the actual data, when the scientific method would seem to demand the reverse approach.

....snip....

However, acceptance was gradual. Nowadays it is universally supported; but even in 1977 a textbook could write the relatively weak: “a poll of geologists now would probably show a substantial majority who favor the idea of drift” and devote a section to a serious consideration of the objections to the theory.[6]


217 posted on 09/24/2007 1:02:45 PM PDT by Kevmo (We should withdraw from Iraq — via Tehran. And Duncan Hunter is just the man to get that job done.)
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To: js1138
Useful is a loaded word.

Good grief! Was it not "usefulness" that you just declared was an important distinction between math and science vs philosophy and theology?

Whose side of the argument are you on? Mine? Are you trying to demonstrate that your early statement was wanting?

218 posted on 09/24/2007 2:01:00 PM PDT by AndyTheBear (Disastrous social experimentation is the opiate of elitist snobs.)
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To: spirited irish
“We are all of us, dogs and barnacles, pigeons and crabgrass. . .

Perhaps the author of this 'manifesto' should speak for himself. He may be a barnacle. . .I've never met him.

219 posted on 09/24/2007 2:15:15 PM PDT by MEGoody (Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.)
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To: AndyTheBear
Good grief! Was it not "usefulness" that you just declared was an important distinction between math and science vs philosophy and theology?

The word useful can have different technical meanings in different contexts.

I'm sure the adherents of any particular religion find it useful, but my comments concerned the union set of useful and cross cultural.

Science and math have controversies at their leading edges, but generate consensus as ideas are tested and confirmed. Religion and philosophy have no methods or track record for creating consensus. The record is one of generating schisms, sects, heresies, denominations.

220 posted on 09/24/2007 7:52:49 PM PDT by js1138
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