Posted on 07/14/2006 2:00:27 PM PDT by neverdem
Are mandatory aerobics classes in your future?
"When anyone dies at an early age from a preventable cause in New York City, it's my fault," New York City Health Commissioner Thomas Frieden declared recently (Financial Times registration required). In his campaign to make sure that no New Yorker dies before his or her time, Frieden has adopted an expansive notion of public health.
Historically, public health has focused on protecting people from the risks of communicable diseases. Thus public health officials have been empowered to mandate vaccinations, require the chlorination of water, order that milk be pasteurized, and quarantine sick people in order to control epidemics. Even the city's recent broad smoking ban was justified in part on the grounds that smokers were harming the health of others by exposing them to second-hand smoke.
But safeguarding people from the risks potentially imposed on them by third parties is no longer enough—Frieden now wants to protect people from themselves. So New York's Board of Public Health has turned its attention to the city's diabetics. In January 2006, the city's health bureaucrats began implementing a surveillance program that will eventually include nearly all of the city's 530,000 diabetics. In the current issue of Science, Columbia University professor of sociomedical studies Amy Fairchild, writes, "If New York comes to serve as a model, public health surveillance will take on a radical new form, entailing a reconfiguration of the relation between public health and medicine."
New York's radical new surveillance system requires mandatory electronic reporting of the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c values of all diabetics tested by all city laboratories to the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOH). Keep in mind that diabetes is not a communicable disease. The recent increase in diabetes among Americans is associated with the increase in obesity. Unlike measles, a person cannot catch it merely by standing next to someone munching on a Krispy Kreme donut or pigging out on slices of Famous Ray's pizza.
Nevertheless, diabetes is a health problem for 20 million Americans. Diabetics have higher than normal levels of glucose in their blood. Years of higher blood glucose eventually damage small blood vessels leading to high blood pressure, and to kidney, heart, and nerve disease. One physician friend told me that he adds ten years to the age of his diabetic patients. Testing for A1c measures the average level of glucose in the blood for the past 2 to 3 months. Thus it's a convenient way for diabetics and their physicians to check how well they have been controlling their glucose levels. Generally A1c values for non-diabetics are below 7 percent and studies show that the closer a diabetic can keep this value to 7 percent or below, the less likely he or she is to suffer from the complications of the disease. Unhappily, one study estimated that only 37 percent of diabetics in the United States maintained A1c values below 7 percent.
Under the new city diabetic surveillance system, the results from all tests for A1c (estimated to be between 1 million and 2 million annually) will go the city's DOH. The registry will record the full name, date of birth, and address of each person tested and the date each test was performed. Diabetics whose A1c levels are too high will receive a letter and educational materials from the DOH and their physicians will be alerted to their test results. Frieden says that the surveillance information collected will remain confidential and any diabetics who don't want to hear from the DOH can opt out, but they cannot prevent their test results from being filed in the registry.
In her discussion of the diabetic surveillance program, Fairchild makes a distinction between "hard" and "soft" paternalism. "What distinguishes hard paternalism from its softer counterpart is the role of coercion," she writes. Fairchild concludes that the surveillance system is acceptable soft paternalism because "no one would be forced to undergo treatment or lifestyle change." What's wrong with a little education, courtesy of the DOH? As it stands, nothing much; but will the DOH's interventions stop at non-coercive letters, phone calls and pamphlets?
In the United States, the health care costs for diabetes top $45 billion annually and absorb 25 percent of Medicare's budget. In addition, 42 percent of diabetics receiving Medicaid in New York City have dangerously high A1c levels of above 9 percent. Should the chiding approach of letters and phone calls fail to get results, it's not difficult to imagine that Frieden and other city health officials would argue for applying a bit of "hard" paternalism because poor diabetics are busting city and state health care budgets. One step toward harder paternalism might be compulsory exercise and nutrition classes.
And why stop at monitoring diabetics? After all, far more Americans suffer from cardiovascular diseases than they do from diabetes. For example, 65 million Americans have hypertension (there is some overlap with diabetics); 100 million Americans have above-normal cholesterol and 35 million have high cholesterol. Heart disease costs nearly $200 billion in direct medical costs every year, much of it also picked up by Medicare and Medicaid. New York's diabetic surveillance program could be the harbinger for similar mandatory programs for monitoring everyone's serum cholesterol, hypertension, and even percentage of body fat.
In the past, Americans recognized a distinction between public and personal health. If I smoked, drank too much, supersized regularly or failed to get to the gym, it was my own fault, not Health Commissioner Frieden's. However, when (and if) government-funded universal health insurance becomes a reality, the distinction between public and personal health will fade away. Then get ready for your prescription for compulsory biweekly aerobics classes.
Ronald Bailey is Reason's science correspondent.
health nazi/nanny state ping
who determines "your time"?
If you live longer than "your time", does this mean the state can order all health care cut?
Does that mean the states determines "your time" and the state establishes a "duty to die"?
This official has never worked in the real world.
"When anyone dies at an early age from a preventable cause in New York City, it's my fault," New York City Health Commissioner Thomas Frieden declared recently
The God-complex of the busybody nannystater.
Doesn't this violate HPAA laws? This article is freaking scary, brother. Scary.
yes, mandatory aerobics and mandatory thongs. no longer will we see a pretty face on a fat body. good idea, IMO
Yeah, right. When was the last time you saw a law passed that applied equally to the goobermint as it does to the employed? Obviously, any government need for medical information is instantly and automatically deemed legitimate. That's why calling HIPAA "medical privacy" is such a scam. Your medical records are private from everyone except those you'd like to prevent from seeing them. SOS-DD
This is just like the introductory pages to 1984.
From Orwell's 1984, Chapter 3:
'Smith!' screamed the shrewish voice from the telescreen. '6079 Smith W.! Yes, you! Bend lower, please! You can do better than that. You're not trying. Lower, please! That's better, comrade. Now stand at ease, the whole squad, and watch me.'
A sudden hot sweat had broken out all over Winston's body. His face remained completely inscrutable. Never show dismay! Never show resentment! A single flicker of the eyes could give you away.
I saw that on the movie version of 1984...
"Diabetics whose A1c levels are too high will receive a letter and educational materials from the DOH and their physicians will be alerted to their test results."
5 years later
Diabetics whose A1c levels are too high will receive a letter and educational materials from the DOH and their physicians will be alerted to their test results and they will have their debit cards restricted so that they can no longer purchase any foods with too high of a fat content or sugar...
You can have my Cheeseburger when you pull it from my cold dead hands!!!
1984... Thats soooo 20 years ago. ok, only mandatory excercise for hot chicks.. let ugly chicks get fat and work in mexican sweatshops.
Well, it's obvious that you aren't taking this seriously.
Precisely. Never trust the state.
The very definition of totalitarian hubris.
In this episode: Citizen X! is stopped and questioned by a Committee Member.
Scene: Unity in Diversity Way, a public thoroughfare, Grayburg, USA.
Citizen X! Produce your papers!
Yes sir. Which papers would the Committee Member like to see?
Don't play dumb with the Member, Citizen! I want to see all the papers you are required to carry when you leave your dwelling.
We'll start with your
Caloric Intake Ration Card
and your current
CO2 Personal Emissions Results.
Then I will need you to produce your
Contributions to the State Testimonials,
and
Permissions for Animal Companions
(if any).
Then your
Certificate of Tolerance
Personal Travel Limits License
Public Transit Compliance Forms
Personal Habitat Authorization
Allowed Personal Consumption Schedule,
your
Mullah's Permission to Marry or Cohabitate
and
Fitness to Propagate Adjudication Receipt
Sir, I can produce my CIRC, CPER, my CST's, PAC's, my CT, PTLL, PTCF’s and my PHA. Unfortunately, my AC ate my APCS, MPMC and my FPAR.
I see by your hat that you have been to Reeducation. Would you like to go again?
No sir.
You have one week to straighten out your documents. Your Neighborhood Lurker will be informed!
A fixit ticket?
That’s right, a fixit ticket. One week!
Damn...
Stay tuned for further Adventures of Citizen X!
FMCDH(BITS)
Maybe we should throw Thomas Frieden in jail, since he's responsible for all these deaths.
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