Good question. I'd like to know as well.
Depends upon your circumstance. The Mini-30 is reliable and benefits from cheap ammo, but the mini-14 and 30 are not known for their accuracy. I personally have settled on a .30 caliber cartridge and use the M1A in .308. A rack grade rifle is easily capable of 3 MOA accuracy (15" @500 yds) with iron sights and surplus ammo. Hornady's 110 grain TAP ammo is a good choice if you are worried about over penetration, and the rifle is brute simple and utterly reliable. They cost 3 times what a Ruger does but are worth every penny. Get a copy of Boston's Gun Bible from Javelin Press for the most thorough evaluation of battle rifles and battle carbines that I've ever seen.
One thing I wouldn't recommend is taking any of the advice that the so-called "Second Amendment" *pinglist "experts" hereabouts suggest: most of them are poseurs who don't have the slightest idea of what they're talking about.
My own personal recommendation, if you don't go with the Ruger "mini thirty," is a Springfield M-14 (civilian version, obviously). Best all around rifle ever produced, pound for pound and performance by performance, ever, Period.
It's well worth the thousand bucks or so you'll invest, and will provide both shooting pleasure and confident protection benefits for a lifetime.
The M1 Will reach out and "touch" someone. The Mini 14 isn't named the poor mans assault rifle for nothing.
Ammo is also a key to weapons choosing. the .223 is readily available and cheaper than the 30-06. Both are excellent killing machines.
Have you checked CMP?
Winchester Model 94 in 30-06.
If cost is a concern you have to go with a .223. there are several good choices available. An AR type rifle is light, reliable, accurate and notoriously easy to handle but they can run into a little money for a good one.
http://www.gunbroker.com/Auction/ViewItem.asp?Item=39893169
There are ultra low cost AK knockoffs from Romania and Bulgaria which while inexpensive and easy to take care of, they are heavy, and start to push the reliability envelope.
http://www.gunbroker.com/Auction/ViewItem.asp?Item=39682954
For a do everything type of rifle I personally like the Kel Tec SU16: http://www.gunbroker.com/Auction/ViewItem.asp?Item=39651039
It's gotten good reviews and is inexpensive, but I confess it's not exactly combat proven technology.
1. Price-- low. Under $200...sometimes way under.
2. Ammo-- cheap and plentiful, especially Russian and Chinese manufacture. 7.62x39, same as used in the AK. There is at least one US-made rifle chambered for the stuff. Beware corrosive primers.
3. Range-- I have no trouble hitting a 1x1 foot target 150 meters out. Urban defensive combat should be at closer quarters just because of the buildings etc.
You can get a scope, but for your application, why?
I almost didn't mention the availability of hi-cap aftermarket mags. I personally find them over-large and inconvenient, and open the temptation to "spray and pray" which isn't a good idea in a populated area...even if you think most of the population is after you :)
So, you want a battle rifle, but want cheap?
Is your life worth so little that you would invest in something that may fail when you absolutely need it?
Cheap ammo is the same thing.....great for play, stupid for protection.
Do you want the cheapest surgeon or the one that will get it right?
The same applies to firearms.
Suggest a 1000fps .177 cal one cock air rifle with a 7X scope. Advantage: no noise, and will travel thru buttocks at 40 yards. It will also bring down a yard deer at 30 yards if the shot is placed behind the ear. They go down like a rock.
Let's hope that it doesn't come down to shooting looters in our backyard. For if it comes to that, all is lost.
I like the M1A (M-14) but if cost is the issue I would go with the Mini-14. I also pack the M1911 45 for close in. Reality is if you are not intimately familiar with your weapon then a Remington 870 12 ga is the best (How many 600 yd shots are you going to get with the big guns?) My wife has the 870 to back me up and pickup any 'leakers'.
Whatever you are comfortable with and can afford. It would be best to try it out on a firing range before buying to check for functioning and accuracy assuming you are already trained in the use of a rifle. The cartridge isnt as important as comfort. The most common cartridge used by professional assassins is the .22.
Put a couple .22 LR slugs into an arsonist, and he (if able to leave) and his friends will suddenly find a safer neighborhood to play in.
I would forget about a rifle and go with any good 12 ga. pump (loaded w/00 buck) and a sidearm.
Any good varmint rifle for punks.
4 gun rule: pistol (.357/.44/.45), shotgun (12 ga), rifle (.223/.308), long range hitter (bolt or semi) (.308/.30-06/.300 Winchester)
A good site to check out: http://www.americanminuteman.net/
Long guns are often considered not defensive weapons and deadly force is often not appropriate in defense of property. I am troubled by the premises of your question.
If you are responding to the troubles in Europe, their problem is chicken leaders/LEO. The rioters need to be shot on sight.