"While this would be a terrible solution in today's society, back then it was an effective punishment"
For who? The only one really being punished is the victim. Duh...she gets raped and no telling how she was otherwised damaged in the assault, then gets stuck with a man she could never trust not to harm her again or kill her to get rid of her later. That's a terrible solution for the victim in any society.
First, I'm not sure the victim would have been "stuck." Do you have any evidence that the punishment would have been imposed against the victim's desire?
Secondly, it is punishment in the sense that it effectively made the man the slave to the woman for the rest of his life.
Thirdly, as I said, the woman was likely not to be married by anyone else because she was 'damaged' by the man, which was the very reason for the law's existence - to guarantee someone would be there to provide for her. Her parents wouldn't be there forever.