FReeper Canteen ~ Part VII of War in Ancient India ~ August 24, 2004

a Tribute to Hinduism ^ | August 24, 2004 | LaDivaLoca

[LaDivaLoca]

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ANCIENT WARFARE





Part VII: War in Ancient India

Martial Arts - Fighting without weapons

"Fighting without weapons was a specialty of the Ksatreya (caste of Ancient India)and foot soldier alike. For the Ksatreya it was simply part and parcel of their all around training, but for the lowly peasant it was essential. We read in the Vedas of men unable to afford armor who bound their heads with turbans called Usnisa to protect themselves from sword and axe blows.

"Fighting on foot for a Ksatreya was necessary in case he was unseated from his chariot or horse and found himself without weapons. Although the high ethical code of the Ksatreya forbid anyone but another Ksatreya from attacking him, doubtless such morals were not always observed, and when faced with an unscrupulous opponent, the Ksatreya needed to be able to defend himself, and developed, therefore, a very effective form of hand-to-hand combat that combined techniques of wrestling, throws, and hand strikes. Tactics and evasion were formulated that were later passed on to successive generations. This skill was called Vajramukhti, a name meaning "thunderbolt closed - or clasped - hands." The tile Vajramukti referred to the usage of the hands in a manner as powerful as the vajra maces of traditional warfare. Vajramukti was practiced in peacetime by means of regular physical training sessions and these utilized sequences of attack and defense technically termed in Sanskrit nata."  

Kalaripayattu, literally “the way of the battlefield,” still survives in Kerala, where it is often dedicated to Mahakali. The Kalari grounds are usually situated near a temple, and the pupils, after having touched the feet of the master, salute the ancestors and bow down to the Goddess, begin the lesson. Kalari trainings have been codified for over 3000 years and nothing much has changed. 

The warming up is essential and demands great suppleness. Each movement is repeated several times, facing north, east, south and west, till perfect loosening is achieved. The young pupils pass on to the handling of weapons, starting with the “Silambam”, a short stick  made of extremely hard wood, which in the olden times could effectively deal with swords. The blows are hard and the parade must be fast and precise, to avoid being hit on the fingers! They continue with the swords, heavy, and dangerous, even though they are not sharpened any more, as they are used. Without guard or any kind of body protection; they whirl, jump and parry, in an impressive ballet. Young, fearless girls fight with enormous knives, bigger than their arms and the clash of irons is echoed in the ground. The session ends with the big canes, favorite weapons of the Buddhist traveler monks, which they used during their long journey towards China to scare away attackers.   

The “Urimi” is the most extraordinary weapon of Kalari, unique in the world. This double-edged flexible sword which the old-time masters used to wrap around the waist to keep coiled in one hand, to suddenly whip at the opponent and inflict mortal blows, is hardly used today in trainings, for it is much too dangerous.

This indigenous martial arts, under the name of Kalari or Kalaripayit exists only in South India today. Kalarippayat is said to be the world's original martial art. Originating at least 1,300 years ago, India's Kalaripayit is the oldest martial art taught today. It is also the most potentially violent, because students advance from unarmed combat to the use of swords, sharpened flexible metal lashes, and peculiar three-bladed daggers. More than 2,000 years old, it was developed by warriors of the Cheras kingdom in Kerala. Training followed strict rituals and guidelines. The entrance to the 14 m-by-7 m arena, or kalari, faced east and had a bare earth floor. Fighters took Shiva and Shakti, the god and goddess of power, as their deities. From unarmed kicks and punches, kalarippayat warriors would graduate to sticks, swords, spears and daggers and study the marmas—the 107 vital spots on the human body where a blow can kill. Training was conducted in secret, the lethal warriors unleashed as a surprise weapon against the enemies of Cheras.

Father and founder of Zen Buddhism (called C’han in China), Boddidharma, a Brahmin born in Kacheepuram in Tamil Nadu, in 522 A.D. arrived at the courts of the Chinese Emperor Liang Nuti, of the 6th dynasty. He taught the Chinese monks Kalaripayattu, a very ancient Indian martial art, so that they could defend themselves against the frequent attacks of bandits. In time, the monks became famous all over China as experts in bare-handed fighting, later known as the Shaolin boxing art. The Shaolin temple which has been handed back a few years ago by the communist Government to the C’han Buddhist monks, inheritors of Boddhidharma’s spiritual and martial teachings, by the present Chinese Government, is now open to visitors. On one of the walls, a fresco can be seen, showing Indian dark-skinned monks, teaching their lighter-skinned Chinese brothers the art of bare-handed fighting. On this painting are inscribed: “Tenjiku Naranokaku” which means: “the fighting techniques to train the body (which come) from India…”

Kalari payatt was banned by the British in 1793.  (Refer to chapter on European Imperialism).

(For more information on martial arts refer to chapter India and China and Kalarippayattu and Kalari Payatte - The martial art of Kerala

(source: The Boddhisattva Warriors: The Origin, Inner Philosophy, History and Symbolism of the Buddhist Martial Art Within India and China - By Terence Dukes/ Shifu Nagaboshi Tomio  p. 3 - 158-174 and 242. A Western Journalist on India: a ferengi's columns - By Francois Gautier Har-Anand Publications January 2001  ISBN 8124107955 p. 155-158).

Silambam – Indian Stick Fighting

     

The art Nillaikalakki Silambam was brought to the royal court during the reign of the Cheran, Cholan and Pandian emperors, once powerful rulers of India.  

The art Nillaikalakki Silambam, which exists for more than five thousand years, is an authentic art which starts with the stick called Silambamboo (1.68 meters long). It originates from the Krunji mountains of south India, and is as old as the Indian sub-continent itself.

The natives called Narikuravar were using a staff called Silambamboo as a weapon to defend themselves against wild animals, and also to display their skill during their religious festivals. The Hindu scholars and yogis who went to the Krunji mountains to meditate got attracted by the display of this highly skilled spinning Silambamboo. The art Nillaikalakki Silambam therefore became a part of the Hindu scholars and yogis training, as they were taught by the Narikuravar. 

They brought the art to the royal court during the reign of the Cheran, Cholan and Pandian emperors, once powerful rulers of India.

(source: Silamban – Indian Stick Fighting).

Next Tuesday, Part VIII of War in Ancient India

[Kathy in Alaska]

Anthony Siraco (left) hands a flag and wind catcher to Tyler Pepin, 3, as he enters the JFK Coliseum in Manchester, N.H., Aug. 4, 2004. Pepin attended the 94th Military Police Company's homecoming to see his father, Sgt. Christopher Pepin, after almost two years in Iraq. U.S. Army photo by Linda Jeleniewski

Family members of the 94th Military Police Company watch as 166 soldiers, returning from Iraq, align into formations. More than 1,000 family and friends cheered them on their return to Manchester, N.H. U.S. Army photo by Linda Jeleniewski

[Old Sarge]

When frost is heavy upon the lawn,
and spiderwebs glisten before the dawn,
the weather turns cool and the leaves turn umber,
and days aren't as long, and one wishes to slumber

a bit longer in warm beds, but the cocoa is calling
as you sit on the porch to watch leaves a-falling,
with words and with verses, our spells we are weaving,
as the summer is waning and the geese are all leaving,

we're given the mixture, the words, incantations,
as the harvest comes in from the farms and plantations,
the bounty of autumn is ours for the share,
with all of us here, for whom we so care.

(c) 08-24-04 by JSR

[Kathy in Alaska]

Twenty-five members of the New Hampshire Police Association Pipes & Drum Corps perform Amazing Grace to more than 1,000 soldiers, family members and friends during the 94th Military Police Company's homecoming ceremony in Manchester, N.H., Aug. 4, 2004. U.S. Army photo by Linda Jeleniewski

Maj. Gen. Dennis J. Laich, commanding general of the 94th Regional Readiness Command, pins a Purple Heart on the uniform of Sgt. Daniel Hodges during a welcome home celebration for the 94th Military Police Company at the JFK Coliseum in Manchester, N.H., after the unit's return from a deployment in Iraq, Aug. 4, 2004. Also receiving Purple Hearts during the ceremony were Spc. Justin Titcomb, Staff Sgt. Jason L. Dudley, Sgt. Jerome Ciolino Jr., and Spc. Shaun P. Bellao. U.S. Army photo by Linda Jeleniewski

[minor49er]

Good Afternoon troops!! Good Afternoon everyone! Here is today's humor attempt!

An Army personnel clerk at Fort Meade received a document, initialed it and passed it on to the Duty Officer. It promptly came back with a note attached: "This document didn't concern you. Erase your initials and initial the erasure."

[darkwing104]

Good morning, darkwing. Hope PT went well. I'm off to vote on the way to work. Thanks, darkwing, for helping protect this great country of ours.

Is Alaska having it's primary today? We are having ours in Florida next week.

[darkwing104]

Darkwing, you earned at least 2 cups of Ma's great coffee:

Keep this up, I'll be accused of being a two-fisted drinker...:-)

[darkwing104]

Good Morning Poet!

[tomkow6]

How to clean the toilet

1. Put both lids of the toilet up and add 1/8 cup of pet shampoo to the water

2. Pick up the cat and soothe him while you carry him towards the bathroom.

3. In one smooth movement, put the cat in the toilet and close both lids. You may need to stand on the lid.

4. The cat will self-agitate and make ample suds. Never mind the noise that comes from the toilet, the cat is actually enjoying this.

5. Flush the toilet three or four times. This provides a power-wash and rinse.

6. Have someone open the front door of your home. Be sure that there are no people between the bathroom and the front door.

7. Stand behind the toilet as far as you can, and quickly lift both lids.

8. The cat will rocket out of the toilet, streak through the bathroom, and run outside where he will dry himself off.

9. Both the commode and the cat will be sparkling clean.


Sincerely, the Dog

 

[E.G.C.]

BTTT!!!!!!!

[E.G.C.]

BTTT!!!!!!!

[Kathy in Alaska]

Yes, Sir....primary today. I was fifth in line.

[tomkow6]

.........wish I had a fifth..........

[tiamat]

tomkow6 wrote:


How to clean the toilet

---

ROFLMAO!

(SICK!)

[Kathy in Alaska]

mh...thanks for breakfast.

[Kathy in Alaska]

Good day, ms feather. Any sun today?

[tomkow6]

[tiamat]

AGGGGHHHH!

That llama has two heads!

EEeeeeeeevvvviiiillll!


(No seriously, those are cute!)

[tomkow6]

[tiamat]

Oh I LIKE that one!

I'll show it to Caitlin when she gets back from the movies!

[Kathy in Alaska]

Army Spc. Benjamin E. Dexter stands proudly between his mother, Laurel Weinstock, and his father, Raymond, during the 94th Military Police Company's homecoming, Aug.4, 2004. The unit was one of the longest-deployed Army Reserve units in Iraq. U.S. Army photo by Linda Jeleniewski