Biden Administration Supports Reparations Study As New Bill Is Introduced In Congress

The Political Insider ^ | Becky Noble

[TPIDerek]

President Joe Biden’s administration is lending support to a study of reparations for African-Americans, with the effort part of new Democratic legislation to create a commission on the controversial issue.

The Associated press reported on Wednesday that a House panel heard testimony on a bill to create the commission that would examine the history of slavery in the U.S. and offer solutions, like reparations.

According to Reuters, Biden stated last year that “we must acknowledge that there can be no realization of the American dream without grappling with the original sin of slavery, and the centuries-long campaign of violence, fear, and trauma wrought upon Black people in this country.”

[Bob434]

LOL wiki again. None so blind as those that pervert history like them

From the l inks i gave you

“In the past, white slavery was acknowledged as having existed in America only as “indentured servitude.”

Such indentured servants were, for the most part, convicts, who served a term of four to seven years laboring on the farms, plantations, and estates in Virginia, Georgia, Maryland, and the Carolinas in exchange for their freedom. But they represented only a small fraction of the hundreds of thousands of whites who remained slaves for life. Such slavery was hereditary: children of the white slaves also became chattel without hope of freedom”

“In George Sandy’s laws for Virginia, Whites were enslaved “forever.” The service of Whites bound to Berkeley’s Hundred was deemed “perpetual.””

“Throughout the colonial period, white slaves remained the main labour force on the Virginia and Maryland plantations, outnumbering Africans by as many as four to one.”

“1652 alone, the population of the Irish fell from 1,466,000 to 616,000. That’s because roughly 500,000 Irish were killed by the English and another 300,000 were sold as slaves. But that’s over 50% of their entire people.”

“In the Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series; America and West Indies of 1701, we read of a protest over the “encouragement to the spiriting away of Englishmen without their consent and selling them for slaves,”

” John Pory declared in 1619, “white slaves are our principle wealth.”

People from the British Isles were kidnapped, put in chains and crammed into ships that transported hundreds of them at a time. Their destination was Virginia Boston, New York, Barbados and the West Indies. The white slaves were treated the same or worse than the black slave. The white slave did not fetch a good price at the auction blocks. Bridenbaugh wrote in his accounting on page 118, that having paid a bigger price for the Negro, the planters treated the black better than they did their “Christian” white servant. Even the Negroes recognized this and did not hesitate to show their contempt for those white men who, they could see, were worse off than themselves.”

“At least 70,000 white men, women, and children from England and Ireland were shipped to the colonies to be sold as slaves on the auction block during the 170 years of British rule.”

These were NOT indentured servants- contrary to your weird insistence otherwise- They were stolen and sold as slaves- and spent their lives in salvery

[BroJoeK]

Bob434: "LOL wiki again.
None so blind as those that pervert history like them
From the l inks i gave you"

Sorry, but I've never seen your racist myth of Irish slavery posted on Free Republic before, so I've taken up the challenge of trying to separate historical fact from racists' fantasies.
The facts appear to be:

1. During the 1600s & 1700s some numbers of convicts, prisoners & captives were transported to British American colonies including Caribbean Islands.
   "...from 1718 until 1775, convict transportation to the American colonies flourished.
   Some estimates claim that almost 10 percent of migrants to America during this time were British convicts."
   
   
2. Since the total numbers of European migrants to Britain's 13 American colonies is put at 550,000 10% produces the estimate of 55,000 prisoners.

3. Claims that such prisoners were "slaves for life" or that their children might "inherit" their slavery are not supported by any source I can find.

4. Claims there were "hundreds of thousands" of "white slaves" in the 13 colonies are totally ludicrous.
   Instead, historical estimates are 2% to 3% were temporary indentured servants in 1775 = ~50,000 of 2 million white citizens.

The following appears to be 100% fantasy:

[Temporarily indentured servants] "...represented only a small fraction of the hundreds of thousands of whites who remained slaves for life.
Such slavery was hereditary: children of the white slaves also became chattel without hope of freedom."

The Myth of Irish Slaves has been around for some time now, but I've not seen it posted on Free Republic before.

[Bob434]

Nothing racist about it.it is simply historical fact, hn.ike you wiki junks with their blinders on. ,eep cj a lie going, you can’t undo historical records. Court records, testimonies that disprove what wiki and their political agenda claims

LOL wiki again. None so blind as those that pervert history like them

From the l inks i gave you

“In the past, white slavery was acknowledged as having existed in America only as “indentured servitude.”

Such indentured servants were, for the most part, convicts, who served a term of four to seven years laboring on the farms, plantations, and estates in Virginia, Georgia, Maryland, and the Carolinas in exchange for their freedom. But they represented only a small fraction of the hundreds of thousands of whites who remained slaves for life. Such slavery was hereditary: children of the white slaves also became chattel without hope of freedom”

“In George Sandy’s laws for Virginia, Whites were enslaved “forever.” The service of Whites bound to Berkeley’s Hundred was deemed “perpetual.””

“Throughout the colonial period, white slaves remained the main labour force on the Virginia and Maryland plantations, outnumbering Africans by as many as four to one.”

“1652 alone, the population of the Irish fell from 1,466,000 to 616,000. That’s because roughly 500,000 Irish were killed by the English and another 300,000 were sold as slaves. But that’s over 50% of their entire people.”

“In the Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series; America and West Indies of 1701, we read of a protest over the “encouragement to the spiriting away of Englishmen without their consent and selling them for slaves,”

” John Pory declared in 1619, “white slaves are our principle wealth.”

People from the British Isles were kidnapped, put in chains and crammed into ships that transported hundreds of them at a time. Their destination was Virginia Boston, New York, Barbados and the West Indies. The white slaves were treated the same or worse than the black slave. The white slave did not fetch a good price at the auction blocks. Bridenbaugh wrote in his accounting on page 118, that having paid a bigger price for the Negro, the planters treated the black better than they did their “Christian” white servant. Even the Negroes recognized this and did not hesitate to show their contempt for those white men who, they could see, were worse off than themselves.”

“At least 70,000 white men, women, and children from England and Ireland were shipped to the colonies to be sold as slaves on the auction block during the 170 years of British rule.”

These were NOT indentured servants- contrary to your weird insistence otherwise- They were stolen and sold as slaves- and spent their lives in salvery

[Lazamataz]

Seriously? It will never happen.

Wanna bet 40 acres on it?

[Bob434]

But do keep posting wiki links, it’s amusing. They sure are steeped in their revisionist Liberal Drivel. Nothing fantasy about it. These facts I posted co e from historical records. Something that liberals desperately want to cover up. Racist claims? Not I the .
Least. historical fact. But do ,eep trying to cover it up. Wiki and snopes would be proud

[Lazamataz]

There isn’t going to be a civil war. They will take our property and we can’t do anything about it. They will crush anyone who resists.

Stop being a pussy.

[Bob434]

[[Sorry, but I’ve never seen your racist myth of Irish slavery]]

Wow! you’re really something else- So mentioning the facts that whites were slaves, not just indentured servants in SOME cases is now racist?

You are trying to twist records and now you throw out the racist card? Seriously? Goodbye-

[Bob434]

[[Sorry, but I’ve never seen your racist myth of Irish slavery]]

NOT WIKI and NOT SNOPES and NOT WAPO etc-

“The Irish Were Slaves. Deal with it.”

“Gaslighting is nothing new in modern politics....

And yet the lengths to which the worldwide media has gone in trying to erase the existence of Irish slaves still shocks me.

Irish slaves have existed in one form or another since the genesis of Irish as an identity.”

https://www.theburkean.ie/articles/2020/06/14/the-irish-were-slaves-deal-with-it

[Bull Snipe]

“Historical records show that the average price of an African slave in the 1850’s was $300. Irish and a Chinese were often $50”

Which historical records would those be? I would like to read some of them.

[BroJoeK]

Bob434: "Nothing racist about it.it is simply historical fact, hn.ike you wiki junks with their blinders on.
,eep cj a lie going, you can’t undo historical records.
Court records, testimonies that disprove what wiki and their political agenda claims"

Sorry, but there are no court records or testimonies -- zero, zip, nada -- to "prove" that the following in North America is anything other than racists' fantasies:

[Indentured servants] "represented only a small fraction of the hundreds of thousands of whites who remained slaves for life.
Such slavery was hereditary: children of the white slaves also became chattel without hope of freedom"

Such words might well apply to other times or places, but never to Britain's 13 North American colonies.
Conflating those other times & places with our own ancestors is what makes your Myth of the Irish Slaves strictly a racist fantasy.

1. The curious origins of the ‘Irish slaves’ myth (March 2017)
   "The myth underlying the meme holds that the Irish — not Africans — were the first American slaves.
   It rests on the idea that 17th century American indentured servitude was essentially an extension of the transatlantic slave trade.

   Popular among racists, white supremacists, neo-Nazis, white nationalists and neo-confederate groups, the 'Irish slave' trope is often accompanied by statements to the effect of, 'Our ancestors suffered and we got over it, why can’t you?'
   According to Liam Hogan — a librarian and scholar who has tracked the myth — references to these 'Irish slaves' are used to derail conversations about racism and inequity.

   'The principle aim of this propaganda, which aligns with that of the international far-right, is to empty the history of the transatlantic slave trade of its racial element,' says Hogan.
   The meme has become increasingly visible since 2013.
   Its trajectory has paralleled the rise of Black Lives Matter and has even used that movement’s language with graphics, t-shirts and Facebook groups that proclaim, 'Irish Lives Matter.' "

2. Debunking a Myth: The Irish Were Not Slaves, Too (March 2017)
   "It has shown up on Irish trivia Facebook pages, in Scientific American magazine, and on white nationalist message boards: the little-known story of the Irish slaves who built America, who are sometimes said to have outnumbered and been treated worse than slaves from Africa.

   But it’s not true.

   Historians say the idea of Irish slaves is based on a misreading of history and that the distortion is often politically motivated.
   Far-right memes have taken off online and are used as racist barbs against African-Americans.
   “The Irish were slaves, too,” the memes often say.
   “We got over it, so why can’t you?”

   A small group of Irish and American scholars has spent years pushing back on the false history.
   In 2016, 82 Irish scholars and writers signed an open letter denouncing the Irish slave myth and asking publications to stop mentioning it."

3. The Irish Slaves Myth (June 2020)
   "Essentially, the Irish slaves myth claims that Irish people were enslaved by the British and sent to the Americas (especially the Caribbean) to work on plantations and in other primary resource industries.
   In these mythological emails and Facebook posts, Irish people were enslaved between, roughly, 1640 and the late 1860s or 1870s, in greater numbers than people enslaved from Africa, and treated worse than African slaves.
   And, the stories claims, in later generations Irish-Americans and Irish-Canadians have never “whined” about their treatment and demanded reparations.
   They picked themselves up, dusted themselves off after emancipation, rebuilt their lives, and thrived because of their native industriousness and drive.
   Members of the Irish diaspora have risen in North American culture despite their slave origins there.
   In fact, as the various versions of the Irish slave myth will sometimes tell us, slavery made them stronger, as a “race.”"

4. The Myth Of The Irish Slave (June 2020)
   "Indentured servitude was often a brutal and abusive system.
   This system contractually obligated the servant to work without pay in exchange for some benefit.
   Usually, this benefit was passage to the Americas or some other benefit such as room and board or a large loan.
   While the Irish servants of the Caribbean certainly were subjected to severe brutality, their servitude was contractual.
   In other words, they agreed to the servitude.
   I’ll also readily admit that, at times, indentured servitude could become de facto slavery.
   The key difference is that when indentured servitude became de facto slavery, it was an abuse of the system."

5. 5 Myths About Slavery (June 2020)
   "As historian and public librarian Liam Hogan has written: “There is unanimous agreement, based on overwhelming evidence, that the Irish were never subjected to perpetual, hereditary slavery in the colonies, based on notions of ‘race’.”
   The enduring myth of Irish slavery, which most often surfaces today in service of Irish nationalist and white supremacist causes, has roots in the 17th and 18th centuries, when Irish laborers were derogatorily called “white slaves.”
   The phrase would later be employed as propaganda by the slave-owning South about the industrialized North, along with (false) claims that life was far harder for immigrant factory workers than for enslaved people."

6. The Irish Were Slaves. Deal with it (June 2020)
   "Irish slaves have existed in one form or another since the genesis of Irish as an identity.
   Celtic Ireland had a slave caste in the form of the daer fuidhir.
   These people were not entitled to bear arms, nor to recompense if a family member was murdered.
   It was also not uncommon for these slaves to be sold off to labour in Roman Britain."

   Right, slaves in Roman times!

   "White slaves were of particular value to these pirates, with caucasian females often fetching far higher prices within the Ottoman trade compared to women of other backgrounds.
   Historians estimate that up to 1.25 million people of European descent were abducted and sold into slavery by these pirates."

   Right, white slaves to Muslim pirates!

7. The “Irish slave” myth has been widely discredited (July 2020)
   "We’ve seen numerous claims online that white Irish people were enslaved for hundreds of years.
   However, the idea of “Irish slaves” is a common myth, and claims of white Irish slavery have been continually discredited for decades.
   In 2016, dozens of historians signed an open letter condemning several publications for the repeating of the myth."

As with any good historical myth, there are actual facts sprinkled in the conjectures & lies, but the basic idea is pure racist nonsense.

[DoodleDawg]

How many times have the Democrats in Congress ‘studied’ reparations and how many times has something actually happened?

[1Old Pro]

How many times have the Democrats in Congress ‘studied’ reparations and how many times has something actually happened?

We've been paying reparations for decades.

[BroJoeK]

DoodleDawg: "How many times have the Democrats in Congress ‘studied’ reparations and how many times has something actually happened?"

1Old Pro: "We've been paying reparations for decades."

Agreed.
I'd say the reparations bill was Paid in Full by 700,000 young American men killed, from 1861 to 1865, and by many trillions of dollars in "welfare" payments, especially since Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs.

For whatever it's worth, my opinion is: it's well past time to begin weaning the descendants of slaves off the reparations they've been receiving for the past several generations.

Enough is enough.

None of this has anything to do with alleged "Irish slaves".

[Bob434]

[[Sorry, but there are no court records or testimonies — zero, zip, nada]]

Another lie by you. At best, it’s ignorance, which ill Grant incase you deceived me by claiming you read the links I posted. Several of the sites specifically stated that thhistorians who wrote about the white slave trade got their info from such records. Are you calling them liars?

[[to “prove” that the following in North America is anything other than racists’ fantasies:]]

Th a t is the second time now that you have implied that I am a racist for believing that white slavery was real, we are done. You can post a.l the history bastardizing tripe you wish, but the fact remains that there were a very large number of white slaves. Your links were written by folks that are akin to holocaust deniers. Your links are to all liberal sites with political agendas meant to cover up the FACT THAT white slaves were treated as bad,, and many cases even worse than black slaves because nothing g can ever undermine the lefts perpetual victimhood that they exploit to keeps the black population bitter and angry and demanding compensation fro people that had nothing to do with what happened.

You’ve thrown out the race card now twice, implying that I am racist for even daring to bring up the facts that white slaves existed in far larger numbers than previously thought. We are done. I’m not interested In reading anything g by what amounts to tripe written by what amounts to holocaust deniers, By people who can’t stand the ugly truth about the past because it undermines their agenda to impose special Victimhood status on minority groups, and who can’t bring themselves to admit that there was a massive white slave trade. And yes there are records, court records, historical seconds, personal testimonies, statements by kings and governors and mayor’s, which you would know had you actually read the links as you claimed you did, etc, these folks are NOT pulling these claims out of thin air.

If you wish to educate yourself about white racism, and discover that the folks who actually go studied records and know what happened back when,, I suggest you contact The authors of the studies I post links to. I’m sure they will. Be quite amused that you call them liars and distorters, when they are the ones who comli.ed all the historical e v dance to base their articles on

I asked you to grow up, but you then resoted to implying I was racist t for citing sources who show that a white slavery trade existed, contrary to your silly denials. So that’s it. I don’t discuss things with anyone that implies such an ugly thing. Not only are your links not worth the wasted bandwidth, sites like wiki, history.. com are you mo,job,? Seriously? They aren’t even as credible as PBS for crying out loud.. they did not do the research. The site I listed did.. all they do is stic, their fingers j. Their ears,, their hands over their eyes and scream “Nuh Uh!” your sites just further diminish your arguments credibility. You can deny the history all you like the fact is there was a massive white slave trade whether you wish to admit it or not.

[Bob434]

Oh, and to disprove your sily claim that there are no records at all, “zero zip nada..”

“The forgotten story of the thousands of white Britons who lived and died in bondage in Britain’s American colonies

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, more than 300,000 white people were shipped to America as slaves. Urchins were swept up from London’s streets to labor in the tobacco fields, where life expectancy was no more than two years. Brothels were raided to provide “breeders” for Virginia. Hopeful migrants were duped into signing as indentured servants, unaware they would become personal property who could be bought, sold, and even gambled away. Transported convicts were paraded for sale like livestock.

“Drawing on letters crying for help, diaries, and court and government archives, Don Jordan and Michael Walsh demonstrate that the brutalities usually associated with black slavery alone were perpetrated on whites throughout British rule. The trade ended with American independence, but the British still tried to sell convicts in their former colonies, which prompted one of the most audacious plots in Anglo-American history”

https://www.amazon.com/White-Cargo-Forgotten-History-Britains/dp/0814742963

Go tell the authors that did the historical checking of facts that they are liars.

[Bob434]

White slavery in America

Michael A. Hoffman II, a researcher of the history of White slavery, has exposed the slavery of Whites in America.

“Up to one-half of all the arrivals in the American colonies were Whites slaves and they were America’s first slaves. These Whites were slaves for life, long before Blacks ever were. This slavery was even hereditary. White children born to White slaves were enslaved too.

Whites were auctioned on the block with children sold and separated from their parents and wives sold and separated from their husbands. Free Black property owners strutted the streets of northern and southern American cities while White slaves were worked to death in the sugar mills of Barbados and Jamaica and the plantations of Virginia.

The Establishment has created the misnomer of “indentured servitude” to explain away and minimize the fact of White slavery. But bound Whites in early America called themselves slaves. Nine-tenths of the White slavery in America was conducted without indentures of any kind but according to the so-called “custom of the country,” as it was known, which was lifetime slavery administered by the White slave merchants themselves.

In George Sandys laws for Virginia, Whites were enslaved “forever.” The service of Whites bound to Berkeley’s Hundred was deemed “perpetual.”

...study 17th century colonial America, sifting the documents, the jargon and the statutes on both sides of the Atlantic and one will discover that White slavery was a far more extensive operation than Black enslavement. It is when we come to the 18th century that one begins to encounter more “servitude” on the basis of a contract of indenture. But even in that period there was kidnapping of Anglo-Saxons into slavery as well as convict slavery.

...Ships carrying White slaves to America often lost half their slaves to death. According to historian Sharon V. Salinger, “Scattered data reveal that the mortality for [White] servants at certain times equaled that for [Black] slaves in the ‘middle passage,’ and during other periods actually exceeded the death rate for [Black] slaves.” Salinger reports a death rate of ten to twenty percent over the entire 18th century for Black slaves on board ships enroute to America compared with a death rate of 25% for White slaves enroute to America

http://ironbarkresources.com/slaves/whiteslaves11.htm

Nope, no historical records at all, none, “zero zip nada”

[Bob434]

Oh yeah and that was really precious how you tried to explain away White slavery by questioning “when kidnapped Whites” who were made slaves by the Indians, “became part of the Indian family” or some such nonsense, as though kidnapping and terrorizing people into Stockholm syndrome complacent blobs was justifiable because they no longer fought against their captors. Too. Ugh nonsense I. Your previous posts to go over every convoluted point you brought out trying to explain. Away White slavery. But that Indian examp,e was a doozy.

[USAF1985]

My great...whatever removed...grandfather was a stow-away from England in 1640ish, then sentenced to indentured servitude for seven years. When do I get my slice of the pie? Wait...I can’t. I’m not the appropriate skin tone./s

[BroJoeK]

Bob434: "Several of the sites specifically stated that thhistorians who wrote about the white slave trade got their info from such records.
Are you calling them liars?"

No, I'm calling you a liar because you misrepresent what they said.
There is no source -- none, zero, nada -- claiming as you do that "hundreds of thousands" of "Irish slaves" were "indentured for life" and their slavery "inherited by children" in the 13 North American colonies.

Nothing remotely resembling that happened, and you are flat out lying to claim otherwise.

Bob434: "Th a t is the second time now that you have implied that I am a racist for believing that white slavery was real, we are done."

Would that were true: "we are done", but it always seems otherwise.

As for racism, I have no idea if you are racist or not, you may well be pure as the driven snow in that regard, for all I know.
But the Myth of Irish Slaves is a racist myth, concocted to deny the importance of African chattel slavery in the United States by alleging "hundreds of thousands" of Irish were similarly enslaved.
That is pure cockamamie nonsense, and you should know it.

Bob434: "You can post a.l the history bastardizing tripe you wish, but the fact remains that there were a very large number of white slaves."

Of course there were!
Throughout history, possibly millions over many centuries & millennia -- nobody, nobody, nobody disputes that!
But the racist Myth of Irish Slaves claims that in the United States "hundreds of thousands" of kidnapped Irish were held in inherited chattel slavery, just like Africans, and that is pure racist garbage talk.

Bob434: "Your links were written by folks that are akin to holocaust deniers. "

Years ago I debated & dealt directly with real Holocaust deniers and they were far more similar to you than to any of my links.

Bob434: "Your links are to all liberal sites with political agendas meant to cover up the FACT THAT white slaves were treated as bad,, and many cases even worse than black slaves because nothing g can ever undermine the lefts perpetual victimhood that they exploit to keeps the black population bitter and angry and demanding compensation fro people that had nothing to do with what happened."

Once again, nobody, nobody, nobody denies that some European prisoners, convicts and/or captives were treated badly, so badly that many or most died prematurely, in the 13 colonies.
But how many, was it "hundreds of thousands"?
No, it was about 10% of all immigrants, meaning roughly 55,000 total, and these were convicts, not "slaves for life" whose slavery could be inherited by their children (what children?).

Our racist "Irish Slaves" mythologizers conflate these 55,000 prisoners with about 240,000 voluntary indentured servants who came with contracts freeing them after, on average, three years of indentured service.
Among the children, typically, that service lasted until their majorities.
By 1776 just over 2% (~50,000) of European Americans were temporary indentured servants.

For comparison: about 12 million Africans were shipped to the New World, roughly 400,000 to what became the United States.
By 1860 their numbers grew to over 4 million, of whom just over 10% were freed.

Bob434: "You’ve thrown out the race card now twice, implying that I am racist for even daring to bring up the facts that white slaves existed in far larger numbers than previously thought. We are done. "

Would that were true: "we are done", but it always seems otherwise.

Bob434: "I’m not interested In reading anything g by what amounts to tripe written by what amounts to holocaust deniers... "

So, now after wailing endlessly that I wouldn't read your links (even when I did read them) you now refuse to read mine?

Bob434: "And yes there are records, court records, historical seconds, personal testimonies, statements by kings and governors and mayor’s, which you would know had you actually read the links as you claimed you did, etc, these folks are NOT pulling these claims out of thin air."

Of course, those records don't lie, but racist mythologizers can easily lie plenty about them.

Bob434: "You can deny the history all you like the fact is there was a massive white slave trade whether you wish to admit it or not."

Of course there was, just not during the times or at the places or in the huge numbers our racist mythologizers wish to pretend.

[BroJoeK]

Bob434 quoting: "In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, more than 300,000 white people were shipped to America as slaves."

Sure, if you conflate 55,000 European prisoners, convicts & captives with 240,000 voluntary indentured servants, you get roughly 300,000.
But is it accurate to say any or all of those 300,000 inherited chattel slavery in the same way as African slaves?
No, that's pure nonsense.

Bob434: "Drawing on letters crying for help, diaries, and court and government archives, Don Jordan and Michael Walsh demonstrate that the brutalities usually associated with black slavery alone were perpetrated on whites throughout British rule. "

Sure, on convicts, prisoners and/or captives, though in no case was such "slavery" inherited by multigeneration descendants.

Bob434: "Go tell the authors that did the historical checking of facts that they are liars."

Those authors may well be 100% truthful, but if so then our "Irish Slaves" mythologizers are misusing their data for nefarious political purposes.