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That diagram does not work. The sun would never set. Close or not everyone on Earth would see the sun get brighter or dimmer but never night. At least the Earth centered Ptolemy model allowed for the Earth to be a sphere!

Crepuscular rays are an example of perspective. Parallel lines converge to a distant point . With the Sun at 93 million miles away the light rays that reach us are very close to parallel. Discovery of the laws of perspective truly changed art to be more realistic long before photography was invented.

Crepuscular rays are an example of perspective. Parallel lines converge to a distant point . With the Sun at 93 million miles away the light rays that reach us are very close to parallel. Discovery of the laws of perspective truly changed art to be more realistic long before photography was invented.
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Yes, parallel lines, very good. Crepuscular rays can always be traced back to the location of the Sun in the sky and have nothing to do with the distance to the Sun. It is an illusion because sunlight is reflected off of dust particles in the air and redirected back to our line-of-sight.

Perspective is linear, an object twice as far away is half the angular size.

Size of Sun: 860,000 miles, 0.86 million miles.
Distance from Earth to Sun: 93 million miles.
Angular extent: 0.86/93⋅(57.3°/ Radian) = 0.53°
The apparent size of the Sun in the sky is ~0.53°
The Moon is 400 times smaller than the Sun but is also 400 times closer to the Earth. Since angular extent is linear, the two cancel out and the Moon appears the same size as the Sun, by design.
Size of Moon: 2,158 miles,
Distance to Moon: 239,000 miles.
Angular extent: 2,158/239,000⋅(57.3⋅/Rad) = 0.52°

That diagram does not work.
Yes it does.

The sun would never set.
Correct. What it DOES do is move out of your field of vision. An airplane that disappears past the horizon isn't setting either. It's still traveling at the same altitude only it has moved past your visible range. THAT is perspective, not what you think it is in your attempt to explain crepuscular rays below.

Sierra Nevada Sunset + Night Sky | Timelapse Astrophotography
The fading of the light and encroaching darkness.
The sun's light diminishes as it moves away from you as there is a limited throw of light just as the model shows.

Crepuscular rays are an example of perspective.

That statement illustrates that you have NO clue about what you're saying.

Beams of light from a light source. Nothing more, nothing less.
A CLOSE light...well, you see the effect.
Close street light + trees = crepuscular rays.
Close sun + clouds = crepuscular rays.
NOTHING WHATSOEVER to do with perspective.