> By May 1913, the Ottoman Empire had lost almost all of its European holdings, with the exception of a small area around Istanbul. <
Fun fact: After the Ottoman Empire’s defeat in WW1, the Allies occupied Constantinople (as Istanbul was known in the West).
The Allies withdrew in 1923. Perhaps they should have kept it. That wouldn’t have been easy as the population was overwhelmingly Turkish…but maybe it was worth a try.
After all, to the victor goes the spoils.
Anyway - we are still rushing into balkanization. And I'm thinking that might be OK.