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--> YouTube-Generated Transcript <--
0:02 · what was it that turned hunter gatherers
0:05 · into Empire
0:06 · [Music]
0:09 · Builders I'm traveling through the a
0:12 · inspiring landscape of Guin in South
0:15 · China in search of the key to their
0:17 · success
0:20 · [Music]
0:28 · [Applause]
0:37 · this is the dungen cave excavations here
0:41 · tell us it was once lived in by hunter
0:45 · gatherers and in 2001 a wonderful
0:49 · Discovery was
0:51 · [Music]
0:58 · made these fragments are so precious
1:01 · that I'm not even allowed to touch them
1:04 · they are what remains of one of the
1:06 · oldest pots in China in fact one of the
1:10 · oldest pots in the
1:12 · [Music]
1:21 · world so who made this pot well the
1:25 · people living in this cave so many
1:27 · thousands of years ago would have been
1:29 · nomadic hunter gatherers still living an
1:32 · ancient lifestyle in many ways but those
1:35 · insignificant looking crude pieces of
1:38 · pot Mark a great technological Leap
1:43 · Forward say prehistoric pot has also
1:45 · been found in this cave pots are
1:47 · something we take for granted but for
1:50 · those ancient hunter gatherers Pottery
1:53 · was part of a completely new way of
1:58 · life so how does they do
2:04 · it I'm meeting a team of experimental
2:07 · archaeologists who think they might have
2:09 · the
2:10 · answer the first breakthrough must have
2:13 · been finding out how to stop the pots
2:15 · cracking when they were fired tempering
2:17 · them by mixing calite rock with the clay
2:20 · and they even have an idea how the pots
2:22 · might have been shaped thousands of
2:24 · years before the invention of the
2:26 · potter's
2:28 · wheel this is very clever they've dug a
2:30 · pit here to basically give us the form
2:32 · of the pot almost like a mold and then
2:34 · we're pressing this clay in little slabs
2:37 · down into the preformed
2:41 · pit transforming clay into hard Pottery
2:44 · requires firing at a high temperature
2:47 · today this is done at 1,000° C in a kiln
2:51 · Way Beyond the capabilities of those
2:52 · hunter gatherers
3:00 · they would have had open fires which
3:02 · only produce temperatures of about
3:05 · 250° I'm quite doubtful this is going to
3:08 · be
3:13 · enough so how's our
3:17 · pot I think that's it I think that's I
3:19 · think that's our pot there and it looks
3:25 · [Music]
3:28 · okay fantastic
3:33 · ftic there are many different theories
3:35 · about why the Chinese hunter gatherers
3:37 · might have started making pots some
3:38 · people say it was a symbol of prestige
3:41 · but the Chinese archaeologists think
3:43 · that the explanation is much more simple
3:48 · cooking pots meant that a wider range of
3:50 · food could be cooked and stored vital in
3:55 · hard times and by 9,000 years ago there
3:59 · was another
4:00 · Innovation
4:02 · farming one of the things that those
4:05 · early Chinese poses would have been
4:06 · eating was wild rice now it certainly
4:09 · wouldn't have been the main source of
4:11 · food because it was hard to collect and
4:13 · actually didn't give much energy in
4:14 · return but despite the availability of
4:17 · other vegetables it was rice that became
4:20 · more and more important and even crucial
4:23 · to the early success of the
4:28 · Chinese for

--> YouTube-Generated Transcript <--
0:02	·	what was it that turned hunter gatherers
0:05	·	into Empire
0:06	·	[Music]
0:09	·	Builders I'm traveling through the a
0:12	·	inspiring landscape of Guin in South
0:15	·	China in search of the key to their
0:17	·	success
0:20	·	[Music]
0:28	·	[Applause]
0:37	·	this is the dungen cave excavations here
0:41	·	tell us it was once lived in by hunter
0:45	·	gatherers and in 2001 a wonderful
0:49	·	Discovery was
0:51	·	[Music]
0:58	·	made these fragments are so precious
1:01	·	that I'm not even allowed to touch them
1:04	·	they are what remains of one of the
1:06	·	oldest pots in China in fact one of the
1:10	·	oldest pots in the
1:12	·	[Music]
1:21	·	world so who made this pot well the
1:25	·	people living in this cave so many
1:27	·	thousands of years ago would have been
1:29	·	nomadic hunter gatherers still living an
1:32	·	ancient lifestyle in many ways but those
1:35	·	insignificant looking crude pieces of
1:38	·	pot Mark a great technological Leap
1:43	·	Forward say prehistoric pot has also
1:45	·	been found in this cave pots are
1:47	·	something we take for granted but for
1:50	·	those ancient hunter gatherers Pottery
1:53	·	was part of a completely new way of
1:58	·	life so how does they do
2:04	·	it I'm meeting a team of experimental
2:07	·	archaeologists who think they might have
2:09	·	the
2:10	·	answer the first breakthrough must have
2:13	·	been finding out how to stop the pots
2:15	·	cracking when they were fired tempering
2:17	·	them by mixing calite rock with the clay
2:20	·	and they even have an idea how the pots
2:22	·	might have been shaped thousands of
2:24	·	years before the invention of the
2:26	·	potter's
2:28	·	wheel this is very clever they've dug a
2:30	·	pit here to basically give us the form
2:32	·	of the pot almost like a mold and then
2:34	·	we're pressing this clay in little slabs
2:37	·	down into the preformed
2:41	·	pit transforming clay into hard Pottery
2:44	·	requires firing at a high temperature
2:47	·	today this is done at 1,000° C in a kiln
2:51	·	Way Beyond the capabilities of those
2:52	·	hunter gatherers
3:00	·	they would have had open fires which
3:02	·	only produce temperatures of about
3:05	·	250° I'm quite doubtful this is going to
3:08	·	be
3:13	·	enough so how's our
3:17	·	pot I think that's it I think that's I
3:19	·	think that's our pot there and it looks
3:25	·	[Music]
3:28	·	okay fantastic
3:33	·	ftic there are many different theories
3:35	·	about why the Chinese hunter gatherers
3:37	·	might have started making pots some
3:38	·	people say it was a symbol of prestige
3:41	·	but the Chinese archaeologists think
3:43	·	that the explanation is much more simple
3:48	·	cooking pots meant that a wider range of
3:50	·	food could be cooked and stored vital in
3:55	·	hard times and by 9,000 years ago there
3:59	·	was another
4:00	·	Innovation
4:02	·	farming one of the things that those
4:05	·	early Chinese poses would have been
4:06	·	eating was wild rice now it certainly
4:09	·	wouldn't have been the main source of
4:11	·	food because it was hard to collect and
4:13	·	actually didn't give much energy in
4:14	·	return but despite the availability of
4:17	·	other vegetables it was rice that became
4:20	·	more and more important and even crucial
4:23	·	to the early success of the
4:28	·	Chinese for