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“It those damn pesky Laws of Thermodynamics.............”

You are right second law machines will always be more efficient than first law machines. This is why electric motors crush heat engines in turning chemical energy into motion and always will. Math it’s universal and also the law.

On a btu to btu basis an EV is four to five times more effective in turning chemical energy to motion. This includes burning natural gas in combined cycle turbines, sending it via the already very efficient distribution grid which wouldn’t exist if it was not so eff at sending electrons over long distances. Even after all those losses including charging the pack the EV’s second law motors STILL use less BTU per mile than burning gas in a conventional ICE the data and math is available wit large on Google scholar. Summary is 60+% eff combined cycle turbines > 5% or less transmission losses to the plug and 8% or less pack charge loss. Still crushes a regular ICE at 12.5% average over the drive cycle and a peak BSFC point of 32% at best and only at one operating point near 75% max output for the typical 200hp car is 150hp.used less than 1% of its drive cycle. Cruising at speed is 25hp for a sedan sized car and under 20% BSFC by LHV BTU to the wheels.

Solid state have the energy density for 1000km per charge that is 600 miles. NO ONE and I mean no one drives 600 miles in a day every day. It’s moot with 10 min charges anyway. I have owned plenty of vehicles with under 300 miles range before needed to be filled it wouldn’t be until 2005 till I had a vehicle that would go 400+ miles on a tank. My Explorer, Blazer, Jeep, RX7 never went more than 300 most were 275 or less per tank. So 300 is plenty of range it’s charge time and access to charge points that matters. Fuel takes 5 to 10 min so it didn’t matter that the blazer only went 250 at a tank it took ten min to fill it up and go again. Once you have easy access to ten min charges of 300+ miles it is the exact same thing. Difference is at 10 cents per kWh it’s 2 cents per mile. Vs $3.00 gas in a 25 mpg fleet avg vehicle is 12 cents per mile or six times as much.

It comes down to charge time and that’s where solid state and semi solid state.change the game they can do 10C charges that is 6 min even a 6C charge is only ten min. CATL already has LFP cells regular liquid cells that can do 6C. The DOD is getting aluminum graphene cells that can do 66C those will like Velcro eventually get to retail sales.

66C is 54 seconds from zero to 100% clearly not for EV sized packs but you could charge a cellphone sized pack in 54
seconds from a 120V 15amp plug. Typical smartphone is 10 watt hours in it’s pack so in 60 seconds that is 600 joules per second which is a 60C rate. At 66C it needs 660 joules per second that’s equal to 660 watts the Chinese have a USB that does 10 amps at 60V that’s also 600 watts so yeah you could charge a smartphone in 60 seconds using that standard.