I grew up in the 60s. I knew kids who called their career military fathers by their rank (Colonel or Captain that I specifically recall) but I think that was more of a Southern thing.
My father was in the Navy for 10 years, during World War II through the mid 1950s (eventually becoming a Commander), and remained in the Naval Reserves during the 1960s. I never heard anyone call him Commander.
We had an Army family next door to us when we were stationed in the DC area who had six kids, some of whom were friends with my siblings and me.
They were taught to answer their home phone by saying their own variation of, “Colonel Smith’s quarters, Joanna speaking.”
At our house, we just said “Hello?” when answering the phone.