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icclearly: "I'm pretty sure that in the time of Pax Romana, their citizens were 100% certain that they would live and rule forever.
Just like so many other societies since humanity walked out of the stone age that no longer exists.
England is another perfect example.
In the period following the Industrial Revolution when the "sun never set on the British Empire," -- except, of course, until it didn't anymore."

The Roman Republic lasted about 500 years, the Western Roman Empire about another 500 years and the Eastern Roman Empire another 1,000 years beyond that.
The American constitutional republic is now 235 years, so by historical standards, we are still quite young.

The British Empire is said to have lasted about 400 years, beginning in the time of the Spanish Armada and ending with the transfer of Hong Kong to China in 1997.
It's peak period was roughly 100 years from Waterloo in 1815 to the beginning of WWI in 1914.

The USA has no serious empire, unless you count small territories like Samoa, Midway Atol or Puerto Rico.
Our one major conquest, the Philippines, was restored to independence after WWII.

The American "world order" or "Pax Americana" is a different matter.
It has nothing to do with "empire" and everything to do with voluntary alliances held together by economic and security interests.
The issue with "Pax Americana" today is whether it can continue successfully with less and less American contribution to it.
As of today, the outlook seems dubious, but nothing is yet cast in stone.

Sadly, we have been unable to repeal the First Law of Human Behavior, which is that weakness provokes attack by bad people, while strength deters war.
When we look weak, we can expect attacks and war, as indeed we are now seeing.

The American "world order" or "Pax Americana" is a different matter. It has nothing to do with "empire" and everything to do with voluntary alliances held together by economic and security interests.

Me thinks you've got a severely warped view about how we (USA) go about spreading our ideology with invasions and regime change......

- Cuba Invasion & Sanctions - Invaded Granada
- Invaded Panama
- Invaded Afganastain
- Bombed Yugoslavia
- Bombed Libya
- Arab Spring
- Maidan Revolution
- Ukraine proxy war

That's the shortlist.

While the Western European countries of old used their military power to "occupy" and control, we have brought the concept into modern times by using not only our military power but also our economic power, coercion, and stealth.

Do you honestly believe the countries now rushing to join BRICS don't see this? If not, you're quite the fool.

The issue with "Pax Americana" today is whether it can continue successfully with less and less American contribution to it.

Maybe it can, but it will be shared "Pax" with the world. If we are not willing to join the rest of the world in dialog and not continue our bullying as we have for 70 years, then it will not turn out well -- at all. On top of that, we have a declining, corrupt, inept military that can no longer continue the brute force of the past>

Bullying and brute force worked for the first 50 years. That's over now. The rest of the world has grown up, and "they're not going to take it anymore." Most societies start the rot from within. Clearly, that's where we are with $33 trillion in debt, no control of our borders and illegal migration, and a rapidly decaying social structure. We're on that same path to destruction, and the rest of the world sees that.

No amount of daily lies, propaganda, and brainwashing will change it. Slowly but surely, our country will reach critical mass to change -- I only hope we don't self-destruct before that happens. 'Cause we're sure on that path!

Our form of government and system is clearly not working. Maybe it's time to have a grown-up conversation and reevaluate.

The Roman Republic lasted about 500 years, the Western Roman Empire about another 500 years and the Eastern Roman Empire another 1,000 years beyond that. The American constitutional republic is now 235 years, so by historical standards, we are still quite young.

The roots of our country go back to the early 1600s -- another 150 plus years for almost 400 years -- not 235.

On top of that our world is orders of magnitude "faster" than it was 2000 years ago. Significantly so!

If we are headed toward loss of empire, which I believe we are, then we may be years away.

One thing is for sure. As an Anglo society, we have cratered about every 80 or so years. The last one was the Great Depression & WWII.

We're overdue about now!

Ooops................ I left off a biggie in my previous list....

"Me thinks you've got a severely warped view about how we (USA) go about spreading our ideology with invasions and regime change......

- Cuba Invasion & Sanctions - Invaded Granada
- Invaded Panama
- Invaded Afganastain
- Bombed Yugoslavia
- Bombed Libya
- Arab Spring
- Maidan Revolution
- Ukraine proxy war"

Don't forget the disaster we call Vietnam, where we lost 60,000 of our young men!

What, exactly, did they die for? Think of all the lives them and their families wasted -- for nothing except the whims of Washington, DC.

“The American “world order” or “Pax Americana” is a different matter.
It has nothing to do with “empire” and everything to do with voluntary alliances held together by economic and security interests.”

You’ve got to be kidding !

THe USA forced Imran Kahn out of power because he was “aggressively neutral” on the Ukraine War.

And that wasn’t good enough for the GAE (Globohomo American Empire)

https://theintercept.com/2023/08/09/imran-khan-pakistan-cypher-ukraine-russia/