Scientists Reveal The Most Distant Galaxy We've Ever Found

The Big Bang, et al >> Just seems like simple men trying to explain the unexplainable. It’s all supposition.

Some poster said back up the thread a possible reason for this deep-space viewing is to perhaps gather some insight and by doing so, discard the unknowable big bang theory. To be replaced by another, likely equally unknowable, theory.

Thus, pretty much just jogging in place, getting nowhere.

Question: So what was there before the universe was created?

I love this question.

There was no "before" because there was no time. There was no "there" because there was no space, no time. Absolute nothingness.

Everything that comprises the universe came to be in an instant, out of nothing.

Some do not like saying how, calling it a singularity. But I'll say it. God.

Good post.

The Big Bang was not an explosion.

The big bang was all matter and energy emerging from a "singularity." I and others see this as the universe emerging from absolute nothingness. No dimensions. No time. Nothing.

Outside the galaxy, the situation is as I described— all galaxies are receding from us, with more distant ones receding faster.

The galaxies in the local group which include our Milky Way and Andromeda are moving closer together. Light from Andromeda is blue shifted, meaning moving towards us. Eventually the Milky Way and Andromeda will merge. There are several former satellite galaxies that are known to have merged with the Milky Way.

Well, that radiation is still permeating the universe. It is now much less energetic because of the cooling and expansion of space, so it no longer is gamma radiation or x-rays, but rather is microwave radiation- another observation predicted and explained by the model.

As the universe cooled more though neutral atoms formed with the result that the universe became transparent. Therefore the radiation permeating the universe was free to travel everywhere within it. Well, that radiation is still permeating the universe.

You are describing the cosmic microwave background. The decoupling released photons now "free to travel" anywhere. It's those photons that form the CMB.

It's a good thing that matter after inflation and at the time of the decoupling was not evenly distributed. That can be seen in the "clumpiness" of the CMB. If it were evenly distributed, the universe a it is today would not have formed. It also had angular momentum, which allowed galaxies to form from gravitationally bound stars, planets around stars, and moons around planets.

I'm not a cosmologist or astrophysicist. I've taken an interest in cosmology in retirement, reading some undergraduate texts. Fortunately, I can understand the math!

Hmm...

Man’s last mind fused and only AC existed — and that in hyperspace.

Matter and energy had ended and with it, space and time. Even AC existed only for the sake of the one last question that it had never answered from the time a half-drunken computer ten trillion years before had asked the question of a computer that was to AC far less than was a man to Man.
All other questions had been answered, and until this last question was answered also, AC might not release his consciousness.
All collected data had come to a final end. Nothing was left to be collected.

But all collected data had yet to be completely correlated and put together in all possible relationships.
A timeless interval was spent in doing that.
And it came to pass that AC learned how to reverse the direction of entropy.
But there was now no man to whom AC might give the answer of the last question. No matter. The answer — by demonstration — would take care of that, too.

For another timeless interval, AC thought how best to do this. Carefully, AC organized the program.
The consciousness of AC encompassed all of what had once been a Universe and brooded over what was now Chaos. Step by step, it must be done.

And AC said, “LET THERE BE LIGHT!”
And there was light——

Again educate yourself. The term theory in science does not mean what you think it does. Theories are not uncertain or conjecture. In fact a theory is pretty much the end goal of any science. If you develop a theory, you pretty much have achieved the pinnacle of your scientific discipline.

The term hypothesis better encompasses what most people think theory means. In actual fact a theory is a coherent explanatory framework encompassing multiple phenomena and backed by multiple lines of observational evidence. The Big Bang most certainly is a theory, but in this scientific sense.

Could it be wrong? Of course, but that is true of all scientific theories. If an observation is made (possibly by the James Webb telescope or by a future observation) that contradicts a prediction of the Big Bang theory then the theory will be modified or in an extreme case replaced by something else. That actually has already happened — the original BB theory did not include a period of exponential inflation and it had a singularity, a state with vanishing universal size and boundless energy. The inflationary period has been added to the model and the initial state is now a small, but finite universe with high, but finite energy, not a singularity. This has happened because we now have better observational data, such as a more refined measurement of the variations in the CMB for one example. This model is adjusted to be consistent with new data as it comes in. That is simply how science works.

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