” But there is not enough cobalt, and more will need to be discovered.”
Tesla is using Cobalt-free batteries.
“It gets much worse. All the new batteries have a useful working life of only 8-10 years, so replacements will need to be regularly produced.””
New batteries have a 20+ year life. Tesla is working on a battery that has an even greater lifetime.
Doesn’t solve the problem of supply and don’t forget all the copper needed to expand the grid, there isn’t enough.