First results on wave form and frequency dependence of AHE stimulations of coaxially-coiled constantan wires, under H2 gas, by High Power-Voltage pulses at High Temperatures.

14th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen Loaded Metals -- IWAHLM14, Page 19 ^ | August 2021 | Francesco Celani

[Kevmo]

Celani - First results on wave form and frequency dependence of AHE stimulations of coaxially-coiled constantan wires, under H2 gas, by High Power-Voltage pulses at High Temperatures.

#Francesco Celani1,2,4, C. Lorenzetti1 , G. Vassallo1,2,3,4, E. Purchi1 , S. Fiorilla1 , S. Cupellini1 , M. Nakamura1 , P. Cerreoni1 , R. Burri1 , P. Boccanera1 , A. Spallone1,2,4, E. F. Marano1

. (1) ISCMNS_L1, Intern. Soc. of Condensed Matter Nucl. Science_Via Cavour 26, 03013 Ferentino (FR)-Italy; (2) EU Project H2020: CleanHME-European Union, grant #951974; (3) DIDI, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo (PA)-Italy; (4) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via E. Fermi 56, 00044 Frascati (RM)-Italy. # franzcelani@libero.it INFN-LNF, Via E. Fermi 56, 00044 Frascati (RM)-Italy

In the LENR-AHE (Low Energy Nuclear Reactions-Anomalous Heat Effect) project the importance of “stimulation” of AHE effects, particularly procedures as simple as possible, are appreciated. Since 2011 we have focused on a specific (old, since 1890) Cu-Ni alloy, named Constantan (Cu55Ni44Mn1), that has the peculiarity of “providing” quite large energy (up to 3 eV) for the dissociation of Hydrogen (and/or Deuterium) from molecular to atomic state (the starting point for any kind of reactions in the LENR field).

In comparison Palladium (Pd), the most largely material used, can provide energy of only 0.424 eV. In addition, the cost of Constantan is several thousand times cheaper than Pd (recently 70 €/g): important attributes for any commercial application of the AHE. At the current time, the AHE are quite difficult to be induced and/or reproduced by a third part; moreover, the long-term stability remains an unsolved problem.

Since 2019 we assembled the Constantan, in the shape of long (up to 2 m) and thin (diameters 100-350 m) wires, as a coil that encircles an inner Fe tube, used as counter-electrode. Geometry overall similar to (niche) both electrolytic systems and/or (old) vacuum tube diodes: coaxial type. The Constantan wire surfaces are coated, multiple depositions, by mixture of Low Work Function (LWF, i.e. SrO, K) and magnetic FexOy materials, deposited at submicrometric thickness (simple chemical-physical procedures).

In 2019 (ICCF22, air-flow calorimetry) we observed that applying a mild AC excitation (+-600 V, sinusoidal 50 Hz, low current) among the electrodes, covered by thin and partially porous glassy sheaths (holes <100 m), under proper gas (pure H2 and/or mixed with Ar, Xe) and low pressures (<100 mbar), it was possible to induce AHE and sustain the useful effects, once started. The effects were larger increasing temperatures (>600 °C) and lowering the pressures (down to few mbar).

Such observations were consistent with both LWF materials (active at high temperatures, according to Richardson’s formula, i.e. electron emission) and low pressures, where are possible also Paschen/DBD effects (at proper pressure-distance intervals) about gas discharge, with possible surfaces re-activation due to HV transversal pulses.

In such conditions H2 flux, in-out from the surface, seemed to be the most important macroscopic parameter to get AHE.

In 2021 (ICCF23), we moved to very high power (up to 10 kV*A/g; minus polarity), short duration (10 s), few kHz, fast rise and fall time (range between 100 ns and few s), longitudinal pulses (i.e. along the thin wire coiled). We used a simple “dissipation” calorimeter, i.e. thermometry, where we were able to make only relative measurements in respect to specific reference conditions that we imposed to produce zero AHE.

This was necessary because short time scale needed for useful results (<0.5 h) compared to long (6 h) equilibrium time of our flow calorimeter. Our aim was to induce also, controlled and in-phase, Paschen/DBD regimes by proper unipolar high voltages (over +1000 V) short time pulses with extremely fast rise time (100 ns range), i.e. transversal excitation.

To achieve such additional behaviour the pulses were “self-generated”, internally to the coil, at the end of main power pulse (typical duration 10 s, current I tens of A) and, after proper shaping, connected to the Fe counter electrode. We used the fact that the coil is intrinsically inductive with wire surface coated by several layers of magnetic materials (FexOy ) and also the core is a magnetic material (Fe).

The voltage generated is: V=L*dI/dt and “used” the fast rise-time (<100 ns) opening of the main switch (SiC technology). At the moment we were not able to exploit all the several possibilities of the system, among others.

Richardson and Paschen/DBD regimes, because uncontrolled excessive current during Paschen regime that catastrophically destroyed the thin wires, i.e. local hot-spot problematics.

Recently, by chance, we observed that even the shape of the pulse (i.e. duration, repetition rate) had effects on the values of AHE. The “zero” references were made in DC conditions. We were able to make just one full test, by H2 at 5 bar. Observed that AHE increased increasing the frequency (110 kHz) and reducing the pulse width (102.5 s).

The effects were larger than expected considering just skin effect (dependence as square-root of frequency). Other tests are in progress: changed gas type (Ar-H2 mixtures, ) to increase internal temperatures; improved the performances of the system coil-pulser, to explore new HF effects, if any.

[Kevmo]

Video available here, starting at 6 minutes

[Kevmo]

The Cold Fusion/LENR Ping List

http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/coldfusion/index?tab=articles

Keywords: ColdFusion; LENR; lanr; CMNS
chat—science

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http://lenr-canr.org/

Vortex-L
http://tinyurl.com/pxtqx3y

Acronyms:
LENR: Low Energy Nuclear Reactions. [Also Lattice Enabled Nuclear Reactions, but seldom used]
CANR: Chemical Assisted Nuclear Reactions [fallen into disuse along with LANR/Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reactions]
CMNS: Condensed Matter Nuclear Science
LCF: Lattice Confined Fusion [NASA’s term for it]

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Best book to get started on this subject:
EXCESS HEAT
Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed by Charles Beaudette

https://www.abebooks.com/9780967854809/Excess-Heat-Why-Cold-Fusion-0967854806/plp

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Updated No Internal Trolling Rules for FR per Jim Robinson

https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/3928396/posts

If someone says stop, then stop. Do not enter onto a thread on a topic you don’t like just to disrupt, rattle cages, poke sticks, insult the regulars, or engage in trolling activities, etc. ~Jim Robinson

The issue isn’t whether we allow skepticism, it is whether we allow hyperskeptics and skeptopaths to ruin the scientific dialog. Such FReepers who persist in polluting these threads have been asked to leave, and we are asking that they open their own threads if they have comments.

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https://freerepublic.com/focus/chat/3977426/posts?page=19#19

Comment #13 Removed by Moderator

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Comment #18 Removed by Moderator

This topic has a following, people who wish to learn and discuss the materials presented.

Please refrain from posting anything that doesn’t legitimately address the issue.

Something is going on in this segment of science. There are a considerable number of research groups studying the matter.

19 posted on 7/19/2021, 6:45:09 PM by Sidebar Moderator

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[MNDude]

Me not understand

[justme4now]

∆∆∆What he said∆∆∆

[Kevmo]

He’s basically using Constantan rather than Palladium in the cathode for LENR because it’s thousands of times cheaper. Now he’s investigating how to get the AHE to manifest itself in a manner that is instantly reproducible.

[Steely Tom]

Thanks Kevmo.

[minnesota_bound]

I fully understand all of this....

[Kevmo]

Recently, by chance, we observed that even the shape of the pulse (i.e. duration, repetition rate) had effects on the values of AHE. The “zero” references were made in DC conditions. We were able to make just one full test, by H2 at 5 bar. Observed that AHE increased increasing the frequency (110 kHz) and reducing the pulse width (102.5 s).
***I think this could be because it triggers needle-like Vortex BECs in the lattice.

https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/4027278/posts

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In previous research physicists demonstrated this would spin the cloud into a long needle-like structure, a Bose-Einstein condensate, where the gas starts to behave like a single entity with shared properties.

A ‘long needle-like BEC’ theory aligns with my V1DLLBEC LENR theory.

Perhaps it is time to update my

Vibrating 1 Dimensional Luttinger Liquid Bose-Einstein Condensate Theory [V1DLLBEC]
https://www.lenr-forum.com/forum/thread/5859-1-dimensional-lenr-theories/

It would be more like a 1 Dimensional Linear Luttinger Liquid Vortex Bose-Einstein Condensate [1DLLLVBEC] or maybe [1DL^3VBEC] or pronounce it [ONEDulllVoBEC].

[vexit]

Fact checked with Mr. Peabody’s WAYBAC machine.