Theory of deuteron-deuteron nuclear reactions at very low energies

14th International Workshop on Anomalies in Hydrogen Loaded Metals -- IWAHLM14 ^ | August 2021 | K. Czerski

[Kevmo]

Theory of the deuteron-deuteron nuclear reactions at very low energies

K. Czerski [1] , M. Kaczmarski [1] , A. Kowalska1,[2], N. Targosz-Sleczka [1] , M. Valat [1]

[1] Institute of Physics, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland

[2] Maritime University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland

The phenomenon known as “cold fusion”, based on the deuteron-deuteron fusion reactions taking place in metallic environments at thermal energies, offers the perspective for a cheap and clean energy source. Apart from poor reproducibility of the relevant experiments, there are still some important theoretical questions that need to be clarified in order to optimize experimental conditions for stable and high energy excess production.

Here, cross-sections of the deuteron-deuteron reactions measured in accelerator experiments at the deuteron energies of several keV on metallic and gaseous targets will be analyzed to show that both the electron screening effect and a hypothetical threshold resonance are responsible for an exponential-like enhancement of the reaction yields for lowering projectile energies.

Within the proposed model, angular distributions and the branching ratio of the 2H(d,n)3He and 2H(d,p)3H reactions could be well described assuming a destructive interference among the 0+ threshold resonance and some highly excited resonances in the compound nucleus 4He. In addition, the contribution resulting from the electron screening in metallic environments was estimated by comparing experimental and theoretical reaction yields which are in agreement with experimental data obtained for the gaseous target.

Furthermore, a strong correlation of the experimental reaction yields with the number of crystal lattice defects in targets was observed, which can be explained by increase of the effective electron mass in the case of a small contamination of the target surface by oxygen and carbon atoms. The latter effect and the threshold resonance component increase the fusion reaction rates extrapolated down to room temperature by many orders of magnitude additionally. The effects also clarify the heat excess production as well as the change of the branching ratios observed in room temperature experiments, offering a simple solution of the cold fusion puzzle.

* This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 951974. This work reflects only the author's view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

[Kevmo]

Video available here, starting at 1:03.

[Kevmo]

The Cold Fusion/LENR Ping List

http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/coldfusion/index?tab=articles

Keywords: ColdFusion; LENR; lanr; CMNS
chat—science

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http://lenr-canr.org/

Vortex-L
http://tinyurl.com/pxtqx3y

Acronyms:
LENR: Low Energy Nuclear Reactions. [Also Lattice Enabled Nuclear Reactions, but seldom used]
CANR: Chemical Assisted Nuclear Reactions [fallen into disuse along with LANR/Lattice Assisted Nuclear Reactions]
CMNS: Condensed Matter Nuclear Science
LCF: Lattice Confined Fusion [NASA’s term for it]

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Best book to get started on this subject:
EXCESS HEAT
Why Cold Fusion Research Prevailed by Charles Beaudette

https://www.abebooks.com/9780967854809/Excess-Heat-Why-Cold-Fusion-0967854806/plp

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Updated No Internal Trolling Rules for FR per Jim Robinson

https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/3928396/posts

If someone says stop, then stop. Do not enter onto a thread on a topic you don’t like just to disrupt, rattle cages, poke sticks, insult the regulars, or engage in trolling activities, etc. ~Jim Robinson

The issue isn’t whether we allow skepticism, it is whether we allow hyperskeptics and skeptopaths to ruin the scientific dialog. Such FReepers who persist in polluting these threads have been asked to leave, and we are asking that they open their own threads if they have comments.

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https://freerepublic.com/focus/chat/3977426/posts?page=19#19

Comment #13 Removed by Moderator

Comment #14 Removed by Moderator

Comment #16 Removed by Moderator

Comment #17 Removed by Moderator

Comment #18 Removed by Moderator

This topic has a following, people who wish to learn and discuss the materials presented.

Please refrain from posting anything that doesn’t legitimately address the issue.

Something is going on in this segment of science. There are a considerable number of research groups studying the matter.

19 posted on 7/19/2021, 6:45:09 PM by Sidebar Moderator

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[Kevmo]

This theory accounts for 40 orders of magnitude of missing information.

[G Larry]

Aside from possible Musk, the Billionaire Boys club and other Tyrants of the world, have no interest in cheap, plentiful energy of any kind, as it interferes with their Population Control agenda.

[Kevmo]

  These same authors presented on this aspect in the same conference:  


Kaczmarski
 - Latest accelerator-driven experiments on deuteron fusion reactions in Zr at low energies




M. Kaczmarski1
, A. Kowalska1,2, N. Targosz-Sleczka1
, M. Valat1
, K. Czerski1




1
Institute of Physics, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland

2Maritime University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland




Electron screening effect is one of the most important factors that has to be taken into
account while choosing materials for cold fusion research. Nuclear reaction rates at room
temperature are enhanced by mainly quasi-free electrons lowering Coulomb barrier.

 Effectiveness
of this process varies on the material of the target. Zr was used as the reference material to develop the
methodology of electron screening energy measurements because of high hydrogen
stoichiometry, high stability and relatively low loading time.


Due to vast amount of materials that might display properties desired in the scope of cold
fusion reactions, it is of utmost importance to develop a method of fast estimation of the electron
screening energy. A new analysis method, based on the experimental yield measurements of the
2H(d,p)3He reaction at two different deuteron energies, was established as accurate enough for
this purpose using a low-energy accelerator. 


This enables experimentalists to determine the screening energy for a
given sample relatively quickly and eliminate materials that do not display promising results.


* This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
under grant agreement No 951974. This work reflects only the author's view and the European Commission is not
responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

[taxcontrol]

I am neither a chemist or a physicist and this is mostly Greek to me.

BUT

It seems to me that our current understanding of one or both of these fields is in need of a revision.

[Kevmo]

There will be small countries that don’t gaff about what the billionaire boys want, those countries will choose self reliance and money in their own pockets over tyranny, bread and circuses.

[Kevmo]

Mastromatteo used a 5mW laser.
https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/3968011/posts

He was a HIGH SCHOOL physics teacher. When we see high schoolers across America winning their science projects by demonstrating transmutations with a 5mW laser, that’s when it’ll break through.

[Kevmo]

video for this presentation:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fUsKv1af1DQ&list=PLpEPF2v_du9RtHUeW8nHusCaoC68zOMuX&index=2