While this 1650s painting may have features and subtext discernible to the experts, to me it appears that the unknown artist was also indulging in an exercise of reverse coloration. Looking from the bust line up and disregarding the hair, see how the pearls look and how the 'face paintings' differ. I get the feeling that this artist was using his skill to show the equivalent of a 'photo reversal'.
I also find the 1650s dating of interest as this was when Oliver Cromwell was ruling as 'Lord Protector' of England (1653-58). Given the strong Puritanism that prevailed after the regicide of Charles I in 1649, I wonder if this painting, with the gowns and pearls, was a dig against the Puritan fundamentalism that advocated simple dark clothing and decried adornment.