3 Presentations of Alexander Klimov at ICCF-22

Technical State University “ MPEI”, Russia, Moscow, 111250, Krasnokazarmennaya str. 14 klimov.anatoly@gmail.com

Physical parameters and characteristics of a heterogeneous plasmoid (HP) created by pulse repetitive discharge in a water plasma reactor (PVR) have been considered in our previous works [1-3].

This work is continuation of the previous one. It was revealed that there is a large extra-power release in the HP in water at metal nano-cluster- hydrogen atom interaction (products of water molecule’s dissociation and cathode’s erosion).

This thermal power was much higher than the electric power input in plasma. It was obtained that a specific energy value of this reaction was about 1 KeV/atom and higher. This HP creates intensive soft X-ray radiation. The typical quantum energy of this X-ray radiation was about of 1-10 KeV.

Transmutation of the chemical elements inside the PVR was studied by chemical analysis and MS ICP method. The electric discharge parameters were measured. Water calorimeter was used to measure power balance in these experiments.

The value COP was about 2-4 in these experiments. Hydrogen flow was recorded and measured in this experiment also.

References 1. Klimov А., Vortex Plasmoids Created by High_Frequency Discharges, Atmosphere and Ionosphere: Dynamics, Processes, Monitoring, Springer, Berlin, 2013, P.251 2. A. Klimov, A. Grigorenko, A. Efimov, et.al., High-energetic Nano-Cluster Plasmoid and Its Soft X-ray Radiation,// J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci, 19, P.1-10 3. Klimov A., Bityurin V., Grigorenko A., et.al, “Plasma Assisted Combustion of Heterogeneous Fuel in High-Speed Airflow”, AIAA Paper AIAA-2009-1411-250, P.11 51

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Klimov: Review of the Proceedings of the 25th Russian Conference on Cold Nuclear Transmutation of Chemical Elements and Ball Lightning

Technical State University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” Russia, Moscow, 111250, Krasnokazarmennaya str. 14 klimov.anatoly@gmail.com

28 leading scientists from Russia and foreign countries have took part in the RCNT-25 (Moscow-21, Sochi-2, Novosibirsk- 2, Armenia-1, Belgium-1, Czech- 1).

Six works were presented by young scientists. Program of the key experiments and the theoretical model development in the field of LENR physics was considered and discussed.

It was recommended to take into account the following important tasks and problems:

1. Registration and study of a soft X-ray radiation and neutron-like particle flux from LENR set up,

2. Ecological problem connected with LENR. Biological protection from the different type radiation created by LENR,

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Klimov: Thermal Energy Release in a Swirl Heterogeneous Reactor at Pulsed Repetitive Electrical Discharge

Technical State University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” Russia, Moscow, 111250, Krasnokazarmennaya str. 14 * E-mail: klimov.anatoly@gmail.com

Physical parameters and characteristics of a vortex plasma-chemical reactor (PVR) have been considered in our previous works 1, 2. According our opinion these characteristic and PVR’s power efficiency could be improved considerably by a pulsed repetitive electric discharge (PRD).

Active metastable particles are accumulated during a pause time period between the current pulses. A hot massive cathode heats a gas flow mixture in the pause time period additionally. These two factors play important positive role in energy balance in the vortex plasma chemical reactor (PVR) operation.

Second important task in this work: - a study of kinetics of the different active chemical species in the plasmachemical reactor. These two tasks were studied in this work.

The experimental researches of PRD were fulfilled in the set up PVR. A new power supply created PRD with the following parameters: - pulsed repetitive frequency F 100 кНz, ratio pulse time / pause time Q = 2 ÷ 10.

Experimental conditions were the followings:- tested gas flow mixture - argon: water steam, argon mass flow rate q= 1,8 G/s, initial gas flow temperature – 70 oC, operation regime – PRD’ mode and continuous mode, pulsed current Id=2-4 Amp, mean electric power input in plasma Ne ~1-2 kW. A massive nickel cathode 20 mm diameter (140 G mass) and a thin nickel anode 5 mm diameter were used in these experiments.

It was revealed, that the best regime of PVR's operation was realized at the following PRD’s parameters: - the pulsed repetitive frequency F 10 Нz and the value Q = 2÷4.

A stationary gas flow temperature was measured during a pulse time period namely. One can estimate the power efficiency value COP at a continuous mode and PRD’s mode:- COP = QT/Ne, where QT - thermal power of outcoming gas flow, heated by an electric discharge, Ne –electrical power input in a plasma.

It's revealed that the COP at PRD’s mode is 1,5÷2 times higher than the one at a continuous mode. So, PRD regime is the best one and has a higher power efficiency.

It is very important to note that there is a gas flow heating during the time pause period also. We suppose that this heating process is connected with the hydrogen ion-nickel atom interaction.

Additional experiment with a pure nitrogen flow proves this conclusion. Additional gas flow heating between pulses was absent in this experiment.

References 1. Klimov A., V. Bityurin V., Grigorenko A. et.al. Plasma Assisted Combustion of Heterogeneous Fuel in High-Speed Airflow // AIAA Paper. 2009-1411. 2. Klimov A., Kazanskii P., Belov N., Tolkunov B., Zavershinskii I., Molevich N. Thermal Energy Release and Hydrogen Production in Swirl Heterogeneous Plasma-Chemical Reactor // Journal of Physics: Conf. Series. 2018. V.1112. 012024.

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