It’s in Brittany Spears medicine cabinet????
I knew it had to be somewhere...
Elon Musk bought it.
(Probably with a government grant)
Uh, UFOs. Hello! Sheesh. Illegal aliens. :-}
I know some people who could use it.
Lithium - the lost dryer-sock of the universe.
NOBODY LEAVES THIS UNIVERSE UNTIL WE FIND THAT LITHIUM!
However, even though the accepted models of BBN predict the relative amounts of all elements involved in BBN with extreme accuracy, the expected amount of lithium-7 is around three times greater than what is actually observed.
This is what passes for extreme accuracy?
Well, except for that lithium thing and maybe one or two
other things that we don’t even know about yet.
Dilithium crystals are used in warp drives for acceleration of space ships. Just something to note.
Nothing is missing. Humans don’t know enough about it and think their silly theories and equations are the final answer. Then they don’t understand it when their silly theories don’t adequately explain what is observed in the Universe.
Question: Want to know how the most advanced civilizations in the universe do what they do? Answer: Observe what element they horde and covet the most.
—
Actually, they manufacture whatever element they require in quantity, so there is no need to hoard anything. Power comes from the grid underlying the Universe free.
When they arrive, they will laugh at your puny attempts to master simple things like manufacturing elements, having instead to hoard worthless piles on a false promise.
What they covert most, you already have, if you can keep it: freedom.
Well...DUH!
To be a recognized astrophysicist, one needs to be an expert at darts...
I learned that when my graduate advisor was screwed out of having a major newly discovered belt around the planet named (correctly) after him when, after speaking in confidence to an acquaintance, the acquaintance threw a dart and won fame and glory...
Hunter stole it and sold it to Ukraine.
How did they figure out how much lithium that there is in the universe? Did space aliens provide the info? Inquiring minds say “Meh.”
Lepidolite (Lithium Mica).
LENR Solution of the Cosmological Lithium Problem
#
V.I.Vysotskii1
, M.V.Vysotskyy1
, Sergio Bartalucci2
1
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
2
http://ikkem.com/iccf23/orppt/ICCF23-OA-10%20Vysotskii.pdf
INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, 00044 Italy
#
E-mail: vivysotskii@gmail.com, Volodymyrska Str. 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
The basis of modern cosmology is the Big Bang theory. The validity of this theory is based on three
main facts: a) the redshift of spectral lines of distant stars; b) the presence of cosmic microwave
background radiation; c) the theory of primary Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) of light H2
, He3
, He4
,
Li6 and Li7 isotopes in expanding very hot plasma. Calculations of the formation and evolution of the
first three isotopes were repeated many times and are in very good agreement with the results of
modern astronomical observations. The problem (paradox) arises during the comparison of the results
of theoretical calculations based on the BBN model with data of astronomical observations for the
concentration of Li isotopes. The modern registered relative (LiA/p) concentration of Li7 isotope is 3
times less ( 77 7 ( ) ( / ) /( / ) 1/3 K Li Li p Li p ≡ ≈ observ BBN ) than the calculated initial (BBN) value, which
according to theoretical estimates should remain approximately the same now. In contrast, observed
concentration of Li6 isotope is 300 ... 500 times higher 6 ( ( ) 300...500) K Li ≈ than predicted by BBN.
The maximal difference between the BBN estimations and astronomical observations corresponds to
old stars of the first generation (t≈1010years) and decreases for younger stars. This circumstance allows
us to conclude that such an effect is associated not with a one-time phenomenon, but with multiple
repeatable processes in the volume of stars, the result of which monotonously increases with time!
The lack of a substantiated explanation for such radical differences casts doubt on the correctness of
the Big Bang model and all subsequent analysis of the cosmological process of global nucleosynthesis.
There were many unsuccessful attempts to resolve this paradox through the use of “standard” nuclear
reactions of creation 42 6 He H Li ( ,) , γ 43 7 7 7 He He Be Be Li ( ,) ( ,) − γ → βγ and destruction 6 7 Li p Be (,) , γ
6 3 Li p He (,) , α 62 4 Li H He ( ,) , α 62 8 Li H Be ( ,) , γ 7 4 Li p He (,) α of Li6 and Li7 isotopes in volume of star.
Correct analysis based on these reactions shows that the observed changes of the concentrations KLi of
these isotopes after the Big Bang can’t be provided for any time, any density and any star temperature!
We have shown for the first time that these lithium paradoxes can be well described by the processes
of nuclear transformations in the volume of stars in the region near the boundary between the radiative
transfer zone and the convective zone if we take into account the influence of star shock waves on
these reactions. A specific mechanism for optimizing of nuclear reactions is associated with the
formation of coherent correlated states (CCS) of protons and deuterons, which occurs at the front of
such shock waves [1,2] and which leads to a short-term generation of very large fluctuations of the
energy of these particles δE ≥ 10…20keV at a typical temperature kT≈100eV in this region of star. To
realize the observed change in the concentrations of both isotopes, 1...10 powerful shock waves per
year for 1010 years are needed in any part of discussed star region. The main reasons of Li7 and Li6
paradox are connected with effective CCS formation in 7 4 Li p He (,) α reaction and fundamental
impossibility of CCS formation in alternative 6 76 3 Li p Be Li p He (,) , (, ) γ α reactions in any stars [2,3].
[1] V.I.Vysotskii, M.V.Vysotskyy, “Coherent correlated states and low-energy nuclear reactions in
non-stationary systems”, European Phys. Journal A, v. 49, issue 8: 99, 2013.
[2] V.I.Vysotskii, M.V.Vysotskyy, “Features of correlated states and a mechanism of self-similar
selection of nuclear reaction channels involving low-energy charged particles”, Journal of
Experimental and Theoretical Physics, v.128, No. 6, pp. 856–864, 2019.
[3] S.Bartalucci, V.I.Vysotskii, M.V.Vysotskyy, “Correlated states and nuclear reactions: An
experimental test with low energy beams”, Physical Review AB, v.22, No. 5, 054503, 2019.
Correlated quantum states in LENR: first exciting results from an
experimental test
#Sergio Bartalucci1
, Vladimir I. Vysotskii2 and Mykhailo V. Vysotskyy2
1
INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, 00044 Italy
2
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
E-mail: Sergio.Bartalucci@lnf.infn.it
http://ikkem.com/iccf23/orppt/ICCF23-OA-09%20Bartalucci.pdf
First experimental test of the Correlated-Coherent quantum States (CCS) model [1-2] is described in
this paper, showing its potentialities in the explanation of anomalous effects in Nuclear Physics and
Astrophysics, such as excess energy production in LENR and the big cosmological enigma of
primordial lithium [3].
The occurrence of nuclear reactions at very low energy is a clear indication of a strong enhancement
of Coulomb barrier transmissivity, which has been observed in several other accelerator
experiments [4-5]. These experiments are, however, downwards limited in energy (Emin ³ 5 keV)
due to the strong electrostatic repulsion. In the present experiment ([6-7] for more details) the
7
Li(p,a)
4
He reaction has been investigated at a c.m. energy around 450 eV, where the expected
“standard” cross section is of the order of 10-50 barn! The detected a are unambiguously identified
as coming from the above reaction and cannot be ascribed to background. In the same experiment
no evidence of the alternative reaction 6
Li(p,a)
3
He has been found, according to the expectation of
CCS theory [6-8].
Some technical issues, which are related to this difficult experiment are discussed and possible
suggestions for improvement and planning of the next activity on this topic are also presented.
[1] Dodonov V.V., et al., Generalized uncertainty relation and correlated coherent states, Phys.
Lett. A79, (1980) 150, 10.1016/0375-9601(80)90231-5.
[2] Vysotskii V.I. et al., Coherent correlated states and low energy nuclear reactions in nonstationary systems, Eur. Phys. J. A 49, 99 (2013), and references therein.
[3] Fields B.D., The primordial Lithium Problem, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2011, 61:47-68,
10.1146/annurev-nucl-102010-130445; Bertulani C.A., et al., “Cosmological lithium
problems”, EPJ Web of Conferences, 184 01002, (2018), 10.1051/epjconf/201818401002.
[4] Raiola F. et al., Enhanced electron screening in d(d,p)t for deuterated Ta*, Eur. Phys. J. A 13,
377–382 (2002) 10.1007/s10050-002-8766-5; Fiorentini G. et al., Fusion rate enhancement
due to energy spread of colliding nuclei, Phys. Rev. C67, (2003) 014603,
10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014603; Kasagi J. et al., Strongly Enhanced Li + D Reaction in Pd
Observed in Deuteron Bombardment on PdLix with Energies between 30 and 75 keV, Jou.
Phys. Soc. of Japan 73, No. 3, 608–612 (2004), 10.1143/JPSJ.71.2881.
[5] Czerski K. et al., Screening and resonance enhancements of the 2
H(d,p)3
H reaction yield in
metallic environments, Eur. Phys. Lett. 113 (2016) 22001 and refs. therein, 10.1209/0295-
5075/113/22001.
[6] Vysotskii V.I. et al., Features of the Formation of Correlated Coherent States and Nuclear
Fusion Induced by the Interaction of Slow Particles with Crystals and Free Molecules, J. Exp.
Theor. Phys., 127, (3), p. 479 (2018) and refs. therein, 10.1134/S1063776118080253.
[7] Bartalucci S. et al., Correlated states and nuclear reactions: an experimental test with low
energy beams, Phys. Rev. Acc. and Beams 22, (2019) 054503,
10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.22.054503.
[8] Vysotskii V.I. et al., Features of correlated states and a mechanism of self-similar selection of
nuclear reaction channels involving low energy charged particles, J. Exp. Theor. Phys., 128
(6), p. 856 (2019).