Cancer cells Xanthones ED50 (μM) Ref
Human leukemia
HL60 α-mangostin 6.8 [27]
HL60 β-mangostin 7.6 [27]
HL60 γ-mangostin 6.1 [27]
HL60 mangostinone 19.0 [27]
HL60 garcinone E 15.0 [27]
K562 α-mangostin <10.0 [27]
NB4 α-mangostin <10.0 [27]
U937 α-mangostin <10.0 [27]
Lung cancer
NCI-H187 mangostenone C 8.9 [35]
NCI-H187 gartanin 2.6 [35]
A549 α-mangostin 12.5–15 [80]
Breast cancer
SKBR3 GML extract 22.0 [28]
BC-1 mangostenone C 8.5 [35]
BC-1 α-mangostin 2.2 [35]
T-lymphoblastic leukemia
CEM-SS cell α-mangostin 13.0 [36]
CEM-SS cell mangostanol 23.0 [36]
CEM-SS cell γ-mangostin 11.2 [36]
CEM-SS cell garcinone D 7.7 [36]
Mouth epidermoid carcinoma
KB cell mangostenone C 6.7 [35]
KB cell α-mangostin 5.0 [35]
Pheochromocytoma
PC12 α-mangostin 4.0 [30]
Colorectal cancer
DLD-1 α-mangostin 7.5 [31]
DLD-1 β-mangostin 8.1 [31]
DLD-1 γ-mangostin 7.1 [31]
HT-29 3-isomangostin 4.9 [41]
HT-29 α-mangostin 1.7 [41]
HT-29 β-mangostin 1.7 [41]
HT-29 garcinone D 2.3 [41]
HT-29 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone 9.1 [41]
COLO 205 α-mangostin -- [39]
Ovarian cancer
SK-OV3 macluraxanthone 4.24 [35]
Glioma
C6 rat glioma cells γ-mangostin >30 [37]
Curr Mol Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 December 15
The ED50 (median effective dose) is the dose of a medication that produces a specific effect in 50% of the population that takes that dose.