Actually, the exact words you quote are in the US Consitution along with some you did not want to quote:
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;”
It’s clear enough to me what is being prohibited, without your poor translations. These are protections OF religion.
I agree with your interpretation.
The people who talk about “separation of church and state” seem to usually mean that churches are “on their own” and not protected by the government (to protect a religious viewpoint, the thinking goes, would be to show favoritism. Therefore, for example, public display of the Ten Commandments is bad).
But I think the opposite reading if more accurate. Religion is protected from government and people may freely exercise their faith without some law or some judge coming along and declaring it to be “offensive” and banned from the public square.