not poo pooing the articles you linked to- but i noticed that it’s not just taking the metforming that might add life age- but the articles states “AND lifestyle changes”- so how do we know it isn’t simply the lifestyle changes that added years to the people’s lives? Lifestyle changes can and does have dramatic changes to people’s health all by itself-
Are there studies that show metformin alone- without lifestyle changes, can increase life expectancy?
I can't answer you questions, I'm a retired chip-maker.
There are studies that say, on average, people who do not have type two diabetes live eight years longer than people who do have type two diabetes.
Now, it has been recorded and data mined that people who have type two diabetes and take Metformin live longer than people who do not have type two diabetes.
Numerous large studies have begun to answer many questions.
I take Metformin twice a day.
Walking around looking for them can be a real workout.